(Jiyuan City Construction Engineering Quality Supervision Station, Jiyuan, Henan 454650), several kinds of insulation materials, and then analyzed the application of insulation materials in China, and finally put forward some suggestions for the development of building energy-saving insulation materials in China.
Analysis of the development status of foreign thermal insulation materials Foreign countries have a long history of development in the thermal insulation materials industry, mainly used for building energy-saving insulation. For example, the use of building insulation materials in the United States since 1987 accounts for about 81% of all insulation materials, and Western Europe such as Sweden and Finland. More than 80% of the country's rock wool products are used for building energy conservation. After the 1970s, in order to save energy and reduce energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution and greenhouse effect, foreign applications of insulation materials in the construction industry have become more important. Some developed countries in foreign countries promulgated building energy conservation regulations as early as the late 1970s, forcing the construction industry to implement energy conservation standards in new buildings. In December 1977, the United States officially promulgated energy conservation regulations in new building structures. It has obvious energy saving effects in the country. The measures taken by developed countries for building energy conservation have achieved great results, resulting in a significant decline in building energy consumption.
In the application of building insulation materials, the application of insulation materials with polystyrene as the main raw material is relatively extensive, but most of them are in the field of plates, such as polystyrene board, steel mesh frame sandwich composite inner and outer wall panels, Metal composite sandwich panels, etc., because the characteristics of the panels are not suitable for the insulation of complex buildings, if used in complex buildings, the construction process is complex and the overall cost is high. Therefore, the amorphous slurry insulation material has also been widely used. At present, in foreign countries, the research and development of slurry insulation materials is mainly based on lightweight multi-functional composite slurry insulation materials. It has low thermal conductivity, good safety and durability, and has other excellent functions, such as non-French flame retardant polyurethane foam composite slurry insulation material, ultra-light full water Calcium silicate slurry insulation materials, etc., can meet the needs of different conditions.
Analysis of the application status of domestic thermal insulation materials Since the reform and opening up, China's thermal insulation materials have developed rapidly. At present, there are many types of materials used for building energy-saving insulation, mainly including: rock wool board, polystyrene foam board, foamed cement, poly Benzene granule insulation slurry, etc., has initially formed a scale of insulation material production and technical system. However, due to the unbalanced economic development and uneven distribution of resources in China, the use of thermal insulation materials in China varies greatly. China's insulation materials market also generally has problems of low market application rate, low production technology level and low management level. However, we can see that China is vigorously developing building energy-saving insulation technology, researching and developing products with stable and reliable quality, strengthening management level and setting up professional engineering teams for professional construction. Insulation materials and technologies are gradually becoming more efficient, high-performance and environmentally friendly. Direction development.
Types and characteristics of the use of thermal insulation materials in China Rock wool and glass wool are sometimes collectively referred to as mineral wool. They are a high-quality thermal insulation material and are most widely used in construction. Rockwool is a kind of natural mineral with non-combustible, non-mildew, non-defective, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation and other properties. It can be synchronized with the structural life and the price is low. However, the quality of rock wool varies greatly, the insulation performance is low, the tensile strength is low, and the durability is relatively poor. Glass wool and rock wool are similar in performance, but their hand feel is better than rock wool, which can improve the working conditions of workers, but the price is higher than that of rock wool.
3.2 Polystyrene foam board Polystyrene foam board is made of polystyrene resin as the main raw material, which is made by foaming agent and has a number of closed micropores inside. The material has the advantages of small apparent density, small thermal conductivity, low water absorption, good sound insulation performance, high mechanical strength, high dimensional accuracy and uniform structure. The main application includes polystyrene board and steel mesh frame sandwich composite inner and outer wall panels. Metal composite sandwich panels, etc. Although polystyrene board has good thermal insulation effect as insulation material in use, due to the characteristics of the board, the polystyrene board is connected with the main body during construction, and the point is fixed and the surface is fixed. The splicing and bonding are not suitable for the heat preservation of buildings with complicated shapes, and the construction process is complicated and the comprehensive cost is high. At the same time, because the hydrophobicity of the polystyrene board is not suitable for the conventional hydrophilic material, the subsequent construction quality outside the surface layer is not easy to ensure, and the quality problems such as cracking, falling off, and empty drum of the surface mortar are easily occurred, and the building is The construction of exterior decorations such as tiles and paints constitutes a major constraint. As building fire protection becomes more stringent in material requirements, a new topic has been proposed for the application of this material.
Foamed cement is a foaming system that is fully foamed by a foaming system of a foaming machine, and the foam is uniformly mixed with the cement slurry, and then subjected to cast-in-place construction or mold forming through a pumping system of the foaming machine. A new type of lightweight insulation material containing a large number of closed pores formed by natural conservation. It is a bubble-like insulation material, which is characterized by the formation of closed foam holes in the concrete to make the concrete lighter and insulated. Compared with other insulating materials such as polystyrene plates, although the thermal conductivity is high, the adhesion between the foamed cement and the structural layer is strong, the construction is convenient, and the environmental protection is strong.
3.4 Polystyrene granule insulation slurry Polystyrene granule insulation slurry is composed of polyphenyl granules and thermal insulation rubber powder, and the two materials are separately packaged. The rubber powder is mixed with various additives such as polymer materials and air entraining agents in the factory by premixed dry mixing technology. When used, the mixture is mixed with water and stirred into a slurry in a blender to add polystyrene particles. After stirring, a paste with good plasticity is formed, and after being dried on the wall, a heat insulating layer with excellent heat preservation performance is formed. The material has the advantages of low thermal conductivity, good thermal insulation performance, high compressive strength, strong adhesion, strong adhesion, resistance to freezing and thawing, and convenient construction. However, the water absorption rate of polystyrene granule insulation material is higher than other materials, and it must be added with anti-cracking waterproof layer when used. The anti-cracking waterproof protective layer material is composed of a crack-resistant cement mortar composite glass fiber mesh, which can effectively control the generation of cracks in the protective layer for a long time. Polystyrene granule insulation slurry is easy to form, can adapt to the structural heat insulation of complex structure, and make up for the shortage of polystyrene foam board. Therefore, it occupies an important position in the application of building thermal insulation materials.
The application of building insulation materials in China is vast in China, the productivity development is unbalanced, the insulation materials are unevenly distributed, and the application of building insulation materials varies widely, but in terms of its comprehensive performance, polystyrene foam The board has the advantages of good heat preservation effect and low cost, but the disadvantages of poor construction performance, low strength and incompatibility with the substrate are also an obstacle to the comfort application of the material. As a representative of new composite insulation materials, polystyrene granule insulation slurry is being continuously promoted and applied. It combines the advantages of cement construction and the thermal insulation advantages of polymer materials, and is supplemented with admixtures such as air entraining agent and water repellent. The comprehensive performance is particularly outstanding, and the application prospect is very broad. Therefore, when selecting insulation materials, we should comprehensively consider the local economic development level, production raw materials, construction technology and other factors, and strive to reduce costs, reduce energy consumption, improve insulation effects, improve construction efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution and greenhouse effect.
Problems and Suggestions 5.1 Unstable product quality and low scientific research investment The research and development of application technology of thermal insulation materials in the construction industry has been slow for many years, which has seriously affected the improvement of the quality of thermal insulation materials and the healthy development of the thermal insulation materials industry. It is necessary to increase the scientific research input of the industry, improve the product quality of thermal insulation materials, and strengthen the design and construction technology application of new thermal insulation materials and other new building materials.
5.2 Insufficient policies and regulations, mandatory for the country to continue to develop, we must increase research on building energy conservation, formulate and promulgate corresponding building energy conservation regulations, increase law enforcement in the building insulation industry, and force construction companies to use new insulation materials. Reduce energy consumption and reduce the impact of the greenhouse effect. (I Division (Continued from page 395)
(Finish)
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