[China Aluminum Network] by past life
Royal Imperial, expensive gold
The Danish chemist Auster used a dilute potassium amalgam to react with aluminum chloride by separating previously impure metallic aluminum.
In 1827, German chemist Wurler repeated Auster's experiments and continuously improved the method of making aluminum.
In 1854, French chemist Deville mixed bauxite, charcoal, and salt, heated chlorine gas to obtain NaCl, AlCl double salt, and then melted this complex salt with excess sodium to obtain metal aluminum.
In 1854, the German chemist Deville used sodium instead of potassium to reduce aluminum chloride to produce aluminum ingots.
In 1886, Hall of the United States and Hailangte of France separately produced aluminum by electrolysis of a mixture of molten bauxite and cryolite (Na3AlF6), which laid the foundation for future large-scale production of aluminum.
For a period of time later, aluminum was a treasure for the emperors and aristocrats. The Thai King used an aluminum bracelet and the French Emperor Napoleon III used an aluminum fork at the party. In 1855 at the Paris Expo, it was displayed with the jewels on the crown. The label was marked "silver from clay". In 1889, Mendeleev also received vases and cups made of aluminum alloy presented by the London Chemical Society.
Second world
Fall into the trough and fate rewrite
By the end of the 19th century, the price of aluminum had fallen by thousands of times. First, because Siemens improved the generator in the 1970s, it had cheap electricity; secondly, because of the French Heroult and the American CM Hall, in 1886, they respectively developed a method for dissolving alumina in cryolite (Na3AlF6). At the time, they were both 22 years old. This pioneering initiative has led to the large-scale production of aluminum and laid the industrial method for the world's electrolytic aluminum today.
The third world
Earth pillar with halo
The world’s aluminum output has exceeded copper production since 1956 and has been the first non-ferrous metal. At present, the output and quantity of aluminum (calculated in tons) is second only to steel and becomes the second largest metal for human use; and aluminum is abundant in resources. According to preliminary calculations, aluminum reserves account for more than 8% of the crust constituents. .
Today, aluminum has entered millions of households and is closely related to human work and life. With the rapid development of technology, aluminum processing technology has been continuously upgraded, and it has had extensive and far-reaching influence in all walks of life. So far, various aluminum products have been widely used in thousands of households.
The density of aluminum is very small, only 2.7g/cm, although it is relatively soft, but can be made into a variety of aluminum alloys, such as hard aluminum, super hard aluminum, rust-proof aluminum, cast aluminum and so on. These aluminum alloys are widely used in aircraft, automobiles, trains, ships and other manufacturing industries. In addition, space rockets, space shuttles, and artificial satellites also use large quantities of aluminum and its aluminum alloys. For example, a supersonic aircraft consists of about 70% aluminum and its aluminum alloy. Large quantities of aluminum are also used in shipbuilding, and the amount of aluminum used in a large passenger ship often amounts to several thousand tons.
Aluminum is second only to silver, copper and gold. Although its conductivity is only 2/3 of that of copper, its density is only 1/3 that of copper. Therefore, the same amount of electricity is delivered. The quality of aluminum wire is only half that of copper. . The oxide film on the surface of aluminum not only has the ability to resist corrosion, but also has a certain degree of insulation, so aluminum has a wide range of applications in the electrical appliance manufacturing industry, wire and cable industry and radio industry.
Aluminum is a good conductor of heat. Its thermal conductivity is three times greater than that of iron. Industrially, aluminum can be used to make various heat exchangers, heat sinks, and cooking utensils.
Aluminum has good ductility (its ductility is second only to gold and silver) and can be made thinner than 0.01 mm aluminum foil at 100°C to 150°C. These aluminum foils are widely used for packaging cigarettes, candies, aluminum wires, aluminum strips, and various aluminum products.
Due to the dense oxide protective film on the surface of aluminum, it is not susceptible to corrosion and is often used to make chemical reactors, medical devices, refrigeration equipment, petroleum refining equipment, oil and gas pipelines, and so on.
Aluminum powder has a silvery white luster (usually the color of the metal in the powder is black), commonly used to do paint, commonly known as silver powder, silver paint, to protect the iron products from corrosion, and beautiful.
The combustion of aluminum in oxygen can emit large amounts of heat and dazzling light. It is commonly used in the manufacture of explosive mixtures, such as ammonium aluminum explosives (composed of ammonium nitrate, charcoal powder, aluminum powder, black smoke, and other flammable organic substances) and combustion mixtures. (Eg bombs and shells made with aluminotherm can be used to attack difficult-to-fire targets or tanks, cannons, etc.) and lighting mixtures (such as 68% yttrium nitrate, 28% aluminum, and 4% shellac).
Thermite is commonly used to melt refractory metals and weld rails. Aluminum is also used as a deoxidizer in the steelmaking process. Aluminum powder and graphite, titanium dioxide (or other high-melting-point metal oxides) are evenly mixed at a certain ratio, coated on metal, and calcined at a high temperature to make a high-temperature-resistant cermet, which has important applications in rocket and missile technology. .
The reflective performance of aluminum plate is also very good, and the reflected ultraviolet light is stronger than silver. The purer the aluminum, the better its reflection ability, so it is often used to manufacture high-quality mirrors, such as solar stove reflectors.
Aluminum has sound-absorbing properties and sound effects are also good. Therefore, aluminum is also used in the broadcast rooms and ceilings of modern large-scale buildings.
With low temperature resistance, when the temperature is low, aluminum will increase its strength without brittleness. Therefore, it is an ideal material for low temperature devices, such as refrigerators, freezers, vehicles on snow in Antarctica, and hydrogen oxide production devices.
Since the reform and opening up, China's aluminum industry has made considerable progress and has become the world's largest aluminum industry country. It has formed a relatively complete industrial system integrating bauxite, alumina, electrolytic aluminum, aluminum processing, and research and development.
In 2016, the output of electrolytic aluminum in China was 31.87 million tons, which was 1.28% higher than that in 2015. The domestic aluminum consumption in China was 32.8 million tons, which was 8.2% higher than the same period of 2015. Now the output growth of electrolytic aluminum is far below the growth rate. The growth rate of consumer demand. In 2016, the industry's capacity utilization rate was 84.6%, and 90% of the industry's enterprises were profitable.
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