Chinese herbal medicine and its extract feed additives have become the mainstream of feed additive research and development in the future due to their advantages of non-toxicity, no drug resistance, enhanced immunity, overall system regulation and economical practicability.
1 Definition and classification of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives
A feed additive product having the following functions and conditions, which is prepared from a single Chinese herbal medicine or a single or mixed component extracted therefrom, is called a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive. Its functions include supplementing nutrition, preventing disease, improving feed palatability, improving feed utilization, improving animal product quality, facilitating feed processing, storage, improving the appearance of feed products and reducing environmental pollution in feed processing industry and aquaculture industry. One substance includes the Chinese herbal medicine and the chemical components contained therein. Whether it can be used as a raw material for feed additives depends on whether it has one or more of the above functions.
Chinese herbal medicine feed additives can be divided into three categories according to the purpose of use: 1 nutritive feed additives, including various nutrients and products rich in specific nutrients, and various preparations which can improve the palatability and digestibility of feed; 2 health promotion growth promoter, It is added to prevent animal diseases and improve animal production performance; 3 general feed additives, including feed quality improvers, preservatives, process additives and culture environment improvers. At present, most of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additives that have been developed and used belong to the second category, and a few belong to the first and third categories. In addition, some Chinese herbal medicine feed additives are divided into immune enhancers, hormone-like agents, antimicrobial agents, anti-stress agents, insect repellents, food supplements, stimulating egg-enriching agents, fertilizers, emulsifiers, and prevention. Disease agents, feed preservatives, etc.; also have feed additives for use in feeding, such as pigs, cattle, sheep, fish, etc.
2 Chinese herbal medicine as a history of antiseptic fungicides
As early as 5,000 years ago, the most developed countries in the world, China, Egypt, India, etc., have used spices (Chinese herbal medicine) for preservation. According to the historian Herodotos, known as the father of history, the production of mummies thousands of years ago was to add the powder of the last medicine and cinnamon to the abdominal cavity of the body for antiseptic purposes. Hoffman and Evans found that mustard seeds, cloves and cinnamon have almost equal preservative effects. Add 0.5g of mustard seed to 100g of apple juice and preserve it for 4 months. Rippette and Wise prove that essential oils such as mustard seeds, cloves and cinnamon, as well as essential oils such as cardamom, medlar, fragrant and thyme have certain antiseptic effects. In the first century BC, "The Book of Victory" recorded the storage of grain seeds with aconite and dried ai. The book "Shan Hai Jing" in the Warring States Period recorded more than 100 kinds of drugs, citing "the hooligans to smear the disease of cattle and horses, and the smoked grass can be smashed". "Materia Medica" records 365 kinds of drugs, of which only 46 kinds of minerals include stone sulfur, mercury, lead (Pb3O4), lime, stone gallstone (CuSO4? 5H2O), borax (Na2B4O7? 10H2O), etc. Applied antibacterial drugs such as berberine, Phellodendron, and Astragalus.
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