Most of the premixed raw materials are chemical synthesis, mineral extraction or biological extraction. Due to the diversity of raw material production processes and composition, the properties of premixes are also diverse; the production of premixes is relatively simple, and multiple formulations are available. The prepared raw materials can be fully mixed according to the amount; the premix is ​​generally added to the full-price feed and mixed, and the effect of the use is mainly reflected in the growth and physiological conditions of the livestock and poultry. The following will discuss the influencing factors and control methods of premix quality from three aspects: raw material control, production process control, finished product to process control.
1 Raw material control
The quality of raw materials has become one of its key factors, because raw materials are not only the constituents of finished products, but also directly affect the operation of the production process. In the monitoring of the production process, the anti-monitoring of raw materials has become a very important part. The quality control of raw materials is divided into several steps: initial inspection, sampling inspection, storage sampling, usage tracking, and feedback.
1.1 inspection
The warehousing inspection is the first procedure for the raw materials that come after the raw materials are purchased. It is also a very important and indispensable procedure. Here, we must initially identify the basic characteristics of raw materials such as ingredient content, shelf life, color, agglomeration, moisture, insects and mildew. At present, the methods of warehousing inspection adopted by various manufacturers are different, but they are similar. The first step is to identify the delivery note, packaging and active ingredients and content. The second step should have a special identification of the date and expiration date of the raw material. The third step is to check the depth of the raw materials, whether the color is uniform or not; whether there is rain, mold, and agglomeration; whether there is any insect infection and impurities, whether the moisture is normal, whether there is fever, powdery Whether the particle size of the raw material is consistent; whether it has the inherent odor of the raw material, whether the odor is fresh, and whether there is odor. The fourth step is to register the inspection process and the results of the inspection, decide whether to release according to the inspection results, and establish the “Initial Inspection Table for Raw Materialsâ€.
1.2 Sampling test and sample preservation
After the raw materials are put into the warehouse, the enterprises with the test conditions should be sampled and tested in a timely manner to confirm the content of the components and the content of harmful substances.
1.2.1 Sampling
Sampling must be truly representative and uniform, and it is a critical step in the feed analysis process. If the sample is not representative, no matter how accurate the analysis steps and analytical methods are, how sophisticated the instrument is, it is meaningless.
1.2.2 Collection tool
A probe sampler is used for the solid material, and a liquid sampler is used for the liquid material.
1.2.3 The weight of the sample
The amount of sampling is controlled depending on the amount and importance of the raw materials, and is generally limited to the amount that can represent the properties of the raw materials and is sufficient for the assay.
1.2.4 Sampling method
Sampling is random, and sampling methods vary depending on the type of material, the state, the packaging style, the number of packages, and the purpose of the analysis. The sampling methods currently used are:
1 Bulk material partitioning points sampling. Each district has a center, 4 corners, and a total of 5 points for sampling. The number of zones is 2 or more, and the 2 points on the boundary of the two zones are shared points (8 points in 2 zones and 11 points in 3 zones).
The sampling of 2 bags of raw materials can be selected according to the scale of Table 1. The method is to insert the bag vertically from top to bottom with a probe sampler, or to flatten the bag, insert it diagonally diagonally from the head of the bag, and insert the sampler groove downward, then rotate 180 °C take out.
3 liquid raw material sampling. The liquid feed should be thoroughly stirred and a liquid sampler is used to take about 500 ml of the raw material sample from the upper, middle and lower sides.
1.2.5 Sample preservation
Under normal circumstances, the sample is kept for 3 months, and the special sample is kept for about 1 year for future reference. Samples should be sealed and protected from light at temperatures below 25 °C; samples that are prone to spoilage and deterioration should be stored at low temperatures or freeze-dried.
1.3 Quality control of raw material inventory
1 The raw material warehouse should be well ventilated, dry, no rain and padded and ventilated from the wall. Additive materials should pay special attention to their special storage requirements.
2 The arrival of the raw material package should have the name of the product, the date of arrival, the quantity and so on.
3 Special raw materials are generally arranged and used by the quality control department. General raw materials are arranged according to the principle of first-in-first-out; raw materials with high moisture content should be arranged first.
4 check the library regularly, at least once a week, increase the number of inspections in the hot season. When checking the library, it is found that there is an abnormality in the raw materials and should be disposed of in time.
1.4 Raw material use tracking and feedback
In the process of production and use, there should be a basic understanding of the real-time use of raw materials. The abnormalities discovered during the production and use of raw materials should be dealt with in a timely and effective manner, and communicated with the procurement personnel to conduct a review of the suppliers.
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