Selection of anti-vibration horn for machine tools

1 Machine installation and characteristics

The machine tool installation methods mainly include rigid connection and elastic connection.
    Table 1 Minimum thickness reference values ​​for some small and medium machine tool bases when rigidly connected
    Serial number Machine name Machine quality
    (t)     		Minimum thickness of foundation
    (mm)     		Anchor bolt reserved hole depth
    (mm)
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11     		C3163-1 turret turret lathe
    C6140 ordinary lathe
    CW6163 ordinary lathe
    Z3040 radial drilling machine
    Z5125A vertical drilling machine
    X5030 vertical milling machine
    X6132 universal milling machine
    YN3132 hobbing machine
    M7130 surface grinder
    B6050 head planer
    B5032 insertion machine     		2.6
    2.0
    3.7
    3.5
    1.0
    2.1
    2.6
    4
    3.5
    1.9
    3     		400
    400
    500
    380
    320
    450
    450
    380
    500
    430
    480     		320
    320
    420
    300
    240
    400
    400
    300
    420
    350
    400
  1. Rigid connection

    2. When the machine is installed, a rigid horn can be placed between the machine base and the concrete foundation to adjust the horizontal level of the machine tool. At the same time, the anchor bolts are placed in the reserved holes on the foundation and the bolt holes in the machine base, and the machine tool is initially adjusted to the level. Position, then put the concrete mortar into the reserved hole on the foundation. When the concrete strength to be poured reaches >80%, the horizontal position of the machine tool is precisely adjusted. When the specified installation level is reached, tighten the anchor bolt. The nut, the machine and the horn are fastened together on the foundation and ensure that the specified installation level is not destroyed.
    Machine tools with rigid connections are generally installed on a separate foundation (or partially thickened floor). The thickness of the foundation is related to the quality, accuracy, rigidity, dimensions and geological data of the machine. The minimum thickness can be buried in the foundation. The length of the anchor bolt is determined. Generally, the depth of the reserved hole of the foot bolt is greater than the length of the anchor bolt embedded in the hole, and the minimum thickness of the foundation is greater than the depth of the reserved hole of the anchor bolt. The thickness of the foundation is large. Table 1 lists the depth and base minimum thickness reference values ​​for the reserved holes for some small and medium-sized machine tool anchor bolts.
    The machine tool is integrated with the foundation to increase the rigidity of the machine, reduce the center of gravity of the machine and reduce machine vibration. Machine installation and foundation construction are inconvenient, installation time is long, and civil construction investment is increased.
  2. Flexible connection

    3. When the machine is installed, an anti-vibration horn that adjusts the level of the machine tool is placed between the machine base and the concrete floor, and the machine tool is precisely adjusted to the specified horizontal position. The machine tool and the anti-vibration horn can be fastened or not fastened by bolts. The machine tool and the floor are not fastened. The machine tool installation is more rigid and convenient to connect, the installation time is short, and the vibration isolation effect is provided. However, the rigidity and stability are poor, and the machine with large vibration is generally not suitable for the simple elastic connection method, and the combined elastic connection with the additional basic parts can be used, and the effect is also remarkable.
    Small and medium-sized machines with elastic connections can be mounted directly on concrete floors. In the country, 76 factories have been surveyed and installed on the floor, and related special experiments have been carried out. Small and medium-sized ordinary machine tools that can be installed on concrete floors have been proposed, their types, machine quality and grounding. See Table 2 for the requirements of Ping.
    From the comparison between Table 2 and Table 1, it can be seen that the thickness of the floor is smaller than the thickness of the foundation, and it is not necessary to reserve the anchor bolt holes, and the construction is convenient and the cost is low.
    Table 2 Requirements for installation of small and medium-sized ordinary machine tools on the floor
    Machine type Machine quality (t) Concrete floor thickness (mm)
    Concrete cushion strength grade Foundation soil deformation modulus E 0 (kPa)
    8000 20000 40000
    Horizontal lathe, turret turret lathe, shovel lathe, semi-automatic lathe, profiling lathe <6 C10 160 140 120
    Radial drilling machine, vertical drilling machine, horizontal internal broaching machine <5
    Cylindrical grinder, internal grinder, surface grinder, centerless grinder, crankshaft grinder <6 C15 150 130 110
    Hobbing machine, gear shaping machine, gear shaping machine, shaving machine <5
    Vertical milling machine, horizontal milling machine, universal milling machine <6 C20 140 120 100
    Bull head planer, slotting machine ≤3

    A rigid machine such as a chuck lathe can improve its dynamic characteristics when it is connected with a damped elastic connection.
Table 3 Minimum anti-vibration distance
Power plant Allowable speed (mm/s) 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.30 0.50
Equipment type Anti-vibration distance (m)
train Off-site trucks (railway trunks)
In-plant truck (dedicated line) 		800
300 		600
200 		400
100 		150
35 		80
20
car Highway trunk flexible pavement rigid pavement urban road flexible pavement rigid pavement plant road flexible pavement rigid pavement 120
150
80
100
50
65 		60
100
40
50
25
35 		35
50
20
25
12
15 		15
20
10
12
6
8 		8
10
5
6
...
4
Air compressor
(Piston) 		7L-100/8
8L—60/8
5L—40/8
4L-20/8
3L-10/8 		300
200
150
80
60 		250
150
100
50
40 		180
100
50
30
20 		80
40
30
20
15 		60
30
20
15
10
freezer

170 series
125 series
100 series
70 series 		60
45
30
15 		40
30
20
10 		20
15
10
5 		10
8
5
3 		5
4
3
2
Forging hammer
(kN)





160
100
50
30
20
10
4 to 7.5
2.5 		1200
750
600
450
350
200
150
80 		1000
650
450
350
250
180
120
60 		900
550
400
300
220
150
100
50 		700
400
300
220
180
100
60
40 		550
300
220
160
120
80
45
30
Press
(kN)





5000
3150
2500
1600
1000
630
500
300
≤150 		280
220
175
125
90
65
50
40
30 		220
170
140
95
65
45
35
30
20 		150
110
80
60
40
30
20
15
10 		65
50
40
30
25
20
15
10
5 		45
35
30
25
20
15
12
6
3
Other equipment





300kN tensile testing machine
1000kN tensile testing machine
B6 65 head planer
B690 head planer
6m, 8m planer
# 8 ~ # 12 grinding machine fan pump 		80
120
50
80
30
25~30
15
10 		50
90
30
50
20
20~25
10
5 		30
50
20
30
15
15~20
8
3 		15
25
12
18
10
10~15
5
- 		10
15
10
12
8
8
-
-
Table 4 Allowable vibration values ​​of precision machine tools and high precision machine tools
Machine type Allowable speed
(mm/s)
5-stage screw lathe and thread grinder, high-precision long engraving machine and round engraving machine (accuracy 2μm and 1′′) 0.05
6-class screw lathe, screw grinder and thread grinder, precision roll grinder and large precision hobbing machine 0.08
Coordinate boring machine and coordinate grinding machine, high precision cylindrical grinding machine and surface grinder, guide grinding machine 0.16
Precision grinding machine, gear grinding machine, high precision lathe and machining center 0.20
Precision horizontal boring machine, copy milling machine, precision lathe and CNC lathe 0.32
CNC milling machine, precision gear hobbing machine, ordinary grinding machine and copy milling machine 0.50

2 Anti-vibration horn selection


Small and medium-sized machine tools have good rigidity and small moving parts. They do not need to rely on the foundation to increase their rigidity. In addition to the machines with large vibration and poor stability, the machine can be installed by elastic connection. Large equipment and vibration source equipment are also used with a basic combination of elastic connections.
The normal work affecting the precision machine tool is often the external vibration transmitted through the ground soil and the foundation. This vibration gradually decays with the increase of the distance. When a certain distance is reached, there is no other vibration isolation measure. It will affect the normal operation of precision machine tools. This distance is called the anti-vibration distance of the machine tool.
According to the permissible vibration speed of precision machine tools, represented by the sub-clay, Table 3 lists the minimum anti-vibration distance, and Table 4 lists the allowable vibration values ​​of precision machine tools and high-precision machine tools.
The installation position of the precision machine tool should be kept away from the vibration source as far as possible. If the minimum vibration isolation distance requirement is not met, the vibration isolation measures should be taken to control the vibration influence within the allowable range. When the machine tool does not require high vibration control, the anti-vibration horn can be used for vibration isolation. The vibration isolation efficiency should be determined according to the distance between the vibration source and the vibration control requirements of the machine tool. It should also be noted that the machine tool should not be produced obviously. Shaking. Otherwise, take other more effective vibration isolation measures.
Ordinary machine tools generally do not need to take vibration isolation measures. The use of flexible connections is mainly due to the convenience of installing the machine tool, saving costs and occasions for inconvenient use of rigid connections, such as machine upstairs. Due to the different types of machine tools and processing conditions, the vibration of the machine tool is quite different when working. The stiffness of the elastic part in the anti-vibration horn should be determined according to the vibration of the machine tool. The vibration is large and the stiffness of the elastic part is determined. Be bigger, or vice versa. However, in order to avoid obvious shaking during the working of the machine tool and affect the operation of the worker, the rigidity of the elastic member on the anti-vibration horn is preferable to be larger. If the rigidity of the elastic member is large enough, it is not suitable to use the elastic connection when the machine tool is obviously shaken, but a rigid connection is required.

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