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The meaning of flow metering
Metrology is the eye of industrial production. Flow measurement is one of the components of metrology science and technology. It has a close relationship with the national economy, national defense construction, and scientific research. Doing this work has an important role in ensuring product quality, improving production efficiency, and promoting the development of science and technology. Especially in the current era of energy crisis and industrial automation, the position and role of flowmeters in the national economy is more obvious.
1, a wide range of flow meter applications
Flow metering is widely used in industrial and agricultural production, national defense construction, scientific research and foreign trade, and various fields of people's lives. In the production of petroleum industry, from the exploitation, transportation, refining and processing of oil to the sale of oil, the flow metering runs through the whole process, and the flow metering is inseparable from any link. Otherwise, the normal production and trade relations of the oil industry will not be guaranteed. In the chemical industry, the inaccurate flow metering will cause the chemical composition ratio to be out of balance, and the quality of the product cannot be guaranteed. Serious production safety accidents will occur. In the power industry production, the measurement and regulation of liquid, gas, steam and other media flow plays an important role. Accuracy of flow metering is not only of great economic significance for ensuring that power plants operate under optimal parameters, but with the development of high-temperature and high-pressure large-capacity units, flow measurement has become an important part of ensuring the safe operation of power plants. If the instantaneous feed water flow rate of a large-capacity boiler is interrupted or reduced, it may cause a serious dry pan or pipe burst accident. This requires the flow measuring device not only to accurately measure, but also to issue an alarm signal in time. In the steel industry production, the flow measurement of circulating water and oxygen (or air) in the steelmaking process is one of the important parameters to ensure product quality. In the light industry, food, textile and other industries, it is also inseparable from the flow meter. In agriculture, such as farmland water conservancy, meteorological wind speed, and even some agricultural machinery, such as motor sprayers, water pump characteristics test, also requires flow metering. In the construction of national defense, with the development of space technology, quite high requirements are imposed on flow metering. For example, the nuclear power control of spacecraft and nuclear submarines is inseparable from the flow meter; the rocket power machine tests a negative amount of liquefied fuel. If the flow rate is not accurate, not only the economic loss is huge, but also the range will deviate from several thousand kilometers; Flow meters are also indispensable; some military projects even use thousands of flow meters. In terms of scientific research and foreign trade, flow measurement also plays an important role and role. Tap water, gas, natural gas, oil, etc., which are closely related to people's daily life, are widely used for metering.
2. Flowmeter is an important parameter of industrial production process and scientific experiment
The flow rate is the same as the temperature, pressure and level, which is an important parameter of the general thermal chemical production process. People rely on these parameters to supervise and control the production process and automate the production process. This will be of great significance for improving product quality and output, ensuring production safety, improving operating processes, improving production conditions and scientific experiments. At the same time, flow metering is an important basis for enterprise economic accounting. Accurate and reliable flow metering is to ensure enterprise production. One of the important means of ensuring optimal economic efficiency with high efficiency.
3, flow metering is an important part of energy metering
Energy is an important material basis for the development of the people's economy. The current energy issue has become a prominent problem in our national economy. Energy conservation has been identified by the central government as an important policy. Do a good job in energy conservation. First of all, energy must be scientifically managed. Energy measurement and testing is an important technical basis for the scientific management of energy. If this work is not done well, the effect of energy saving will be difficult to determine. Water, oil, gas and other fluid media in production are all in the category of flow measurement. Doing this work is of great significance for energy conservation work. China is not only a large country of energy consumption, but also has a low energy utilization rate, which is about 20% lower than that of developed countries. Therefore, the potential for energy conservation in China is very large. If the energy efficiency is increased by 1%, the economic benefits will be very substantial. In energy-saving work, metering is the foundation, and flow metering will play an extremely important role.
4, the content of flow metering
Since traffic is a dynamic quantity, traffic measurement is a complex technique. From the fluid to be tested, it includes three kinds of fluids with different physical properties: gas, liquid and mixed fluid; from the conditions for measuring fluid flow, there are various kinds, such as the temperature at the time of measurement can be from high temperature to Extremely low temperature, the pressure during measurement can be from high pressure to low pressure; the measured flow can range from small flow to large flow; the flow state of the measured fluid can be laminar, turbulent and so on. In addition, in the case of liquids, there are also cases where the viscosity is different. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the flow rate, it is necessary to study the flow measurement methods of different fluids under different conditions, and provide corresponding measuring instruments. This is one of the main tasks of flow metering. Since the characteristics of the fluid to be measured are so complicated, the measurement conditions are different, resulting in various measurement methods and measuring instruments. Obviously, if there is no uniform method for verifying the accuracy of the flow measurement instrument, it is impossible to ensure the equal trade of trade to ensure the process requirements of mass production. In addition, there must be a set of flow unit recurrence methods and a standard method used by the verification system for the delivery of small flow meters. Another main content of flow metering is to study the discovery method and verification system of flow unit, and establish the basis and standard device of flow metering to ensure the accuracy of quantity transfer and flow measurement. Before the meter is shipped or used, its metering performance must be tested or verified to ensure product quality and accuracy. To do this, it is necessary to establish a standard device for reproducing the unit value of the flow. The so-called flow standard device refers to a measuring device capable of providing a flow rate value for determining accuracy. As for the structure, principle, technical requirements and verification methods of various flow standard devices, the site will have detailed information to explain.
5. A brief history and prospects of flow metering
Flow measurement has been a symbol of human civilization since ancient times. The Egyptians used the Nile Flowmeter to predict the quality of the year. The ancient Romans used diversion channels to divert water and used orifice plates to measure flow. However, due to economic production, until the 1950s, the main flowmeters used in the industry were only orifice plates, pitot tubes, and float flowmeters. The range of the measured medium is also narrow, and the measurement accuracy only meets the low level of production needs. After the Second World War, with the rapid development of the international economy and science and technology, flow metering has received increasing attention, and flow meters have developed rapidly. In order to meet different types of fluid characteristics and flow metering problems under different flow conditions, flowmeters that have been developed and put into use in the past 30 years include speed flowmeters, volumetric flowmeters, momentum flowmeters, electromagnetic flowmeters, and ultrasonic flowmeters. Counting dozens of new flow meters.
At present, there are more than 100 kinds of flowmeters put into use abroad, and there are nearly 20 kinds of flowmeters put into production in China. With the automation of industrial production and the development of pipelines, flow meters account for a larger proportion of the entire instrument production. According to domestic and foreign data, the flow meters used in different industrial sectors account for 15-30% of the total number of meters. With the rapid development of flow meters, the flow standard device has also developed rapidly, and the flow value transmission network has been formed. At present, high-precision flow standard devices for water, oil, gas and steam have been established in national, provincial and municipal metrological institutions to ensure accurate and consistent flow rate measurement.
Despite this, due to the complexity of flow measurement technology and the rapid development of science and technology to propose newer and higher requirements for flow metering, the current situation of flow metering is far from meeting the needs of production, and there are still a large number of flow metering technical problems to be further studied. solve. The main problems are as follows:
• The variety, specifications, accuracy and reliability of flow meters are not sufficient to meet production requirements. Especially for corrosive fluids, dirty fluids, highly viscous fluids, multiphase fluids, extra large flows, and small flow rates, effective measurement methods are needed.
• The flow standard device can not meet the flowmeter verification requirements, especially the standard device for on-site solid liquid verification flowmeter, which is an urgent problem to be solved under the current situation in China.
• The technical level of flow measurement needs to be further improved.
• The wide gap in the flow metering has a direct impact on industrial costing and economic management.
The existence of the above problems directly affects the development of flow metering, which has attracted the attention of all countries and is exploring its solutions.
6. The current development trend of flow metering can be summarized as follows.
Adopt new technology and develop new flowmeters. With the development of science and technology, new technologies such as ultrasonic, laser, electromagnetic, nuclear technology and microcomputer have been introduced into the field of flow measurement, which has greatly improved the indirect technology of contactless and non-moving parts. The flow sensor tends to be electronic and digital, opening up new possibilities for flow measurement. field of. The new flowmeter requires a non-contact flow digital model to be concise; the range ratio is wide, linear, and digital; it is linear, high, and inexpensive, and easy to maintain.
Develop special flow measurement studies to increase flow, high viscous fluids, very low temperature flow, multiphase flow, high pressure and low pressure gas flow measurement.
Online real school verification of the standard device for flowmeter research. At present, most of the flowmeter verification methods use offline verification.
Although the flowmeter approved by this method is corrected by error, it has an additional use error due to the difference between the verification condition and the flowmeter use condition, which reduces the measurement accuracy. Online liquid calibration is the fundamental way to solve this problem. The main problem with online solid-liquid calibration is the rational design of standard equipment. At present, mobile standard devices and standard flow meters are standard devices that people pay more attention to. But there is still a certain distance from the practical.
With the rapid development of science and technology in the hard work of the majority of flow metering scientists, I believe that in the long period of time, the flow metering technology will be upgraded to a new level.
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