In the process of soybean planting, some pests and diseases will inevitably occur, especially in rainy days. This article will introduce in detail some of the common diseases of rainy soybean cultivation, as well as the prevention and treatment of common diseases of soybeans.
1. Soybean downy mildew Soybean downy mildew damages seedlings, leaves and kernels. When the first true leaf unfolds, chlorotic plaques appear along both sides of the vein. The surface of the leaves of the plant is round or irregular, with yellow-green star points with unclear edges, browning later, and gray-white mildew on the leaves. The surface of the diseased grain adheres to the gray-white mycelium layer, which contains a large number of pathogens and oospores. The onset of the disease begins in the middle and late June, and the period from July to August is the peak of the disease. Control methods: 1. Agricultural control. Choose resistant varieties, select seeds, eliminate diseased grains, and implement 2-3 years of rotation. 2. Chemical control. The seed dressing was carried out with 40% ethylphosphorus aluminum wettable powder or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder at 0.5% by weight of the seed. In the field, it can be sprayed with Ethylene Phosphate 300 solution or Metalaxyl 800 solution, and about 40 kg per 667 square meters.
Second, soybean gray mold Soybean gray spot disease is a common disease, which is caused by the infection of soybean fungus fungus. Gray spot disease mainly harms the leaves of soybeans. The lesions begin to appear brownish dots, and then gradually expand into a round shape with brown edges, middle gray or taupe, 1-5 mm in diameter, sometimes elliptical or irregular. When the weather is wet, the surface of the lesion is densely covered with gray mold. When the spot is severe, the leaves are covered with spots, which merge with each other to dry the leaves. Control method: 1. Use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 100g; 2 use 40% carbendazim suspension 100g per acre; 3. Use 80% carbendazim ultrafine powder 50-60g; 80-100 grams of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP can be used in acre. 5. Use 40% of the 40% virulence suspension. Spraying time should be selected on the sunny day 6-10 am, 3-7 pm, after the spray, it should be re-sprayed.
Third, soybean gray spot disease Soybean gray spot disease mainly affects the leaves of adult plants, and can also infect seedlings, stems, pods and seeds. Semi-circular or round brown lesions appear on the cotyledons of seedlings born from diseased grains. The lesions on the leaves of the adult stage are initially green round spots, and gradually develop into frog eye spots with marginal brown, central gray or taupe, so it is also known as frog eye disease. Irregular lesions can also form in the later stages. In the wet area, the gray part of the central part of the lesion on the back of the leaf is a conidia of the pathogen. In severe cases, the lesions are covered with foliage, the lesions merge, and the leaves die. The stems are spindle-shaped or elliptical, and the pods are round or elliptical. Because the pods are hairy, it is difficult to see the mildew. The lesions on the grain are similar to the leaf spots, mostly round frog eyes. Control methods: 1. In the area where the seedling stage is moist and rainy, mix with 50% Fumeishuang or 50% carbendazim, 0.3 kg per 100 kg of seeds; 2. For susceptible varieties, grow dense bean fields, in the early stage of the disease Or pods and kernels are susceptible to spraying during the disease to control the lesions on the kernel. Commonly used agents are 40% carbendazim suspension or 50% carbendazim WP, 100 grams per acre, or 50% methyl thiophanate 100 grams, 80-100 kg spray with water. Depending on the condition, the interval is 7-10 days, a total of 2-3 times.
4. Soybean Sclerotinia Sclerotium is mostly caused by the disease in the lower part of the main stem of the plant. The lesion is water-stained, irregular, light brown or nearly white, and can spread around the stem and spread up and down. The above is often dead, and the stem can be broken. When wet, the diseased part is flocculent white hyphae, which produces black rat fecal sclerotia, and the diseased stem pith becomes empty, and the sclerotia occupies its space. Longitudinal tearing of the stem cortex during post-drying. When the leaves are damaged, they are dark cyan water stains, rot, and sometimes flocculent hyphae. Control methods: 1. The ward must avoid continuous cropping or rotation with sunflower or rapeseed or adjacent. It has obvious effects when it is rotated with grass crops for more than one year. 2. The diseased field should be deepened after harvesting. The soybeans should be cultivated in time before the closure of the soil. 3. Eliminate the mixed sclerotia in the seed. 4. After the sclerotia sprouts from the soil to the ascending sac, it can be sprayed on the soil surface with 50% keering WP or 50% carbendazim WP 100g or 30% sclerotium WP. However, the surface of the plants sprayed after the onset of the disease is less effective.
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