Analysis of Performance, Characteristics and Design Requirements of Directly Buried Insulation Pipe of Steel Pipe Network Analysis

The latest news about steel pipe net: The structure and characteristics of the directly buried heat pipe are integrated prefabricated pipe made by the inner pipe of the transmission medium, the outer casing pipe and the hydrophobic non-combustible polyurethane insulation layer filled between the inner steel pipe and the outer casing. The insulation layer uses a foaming process to keep it tight with the outer sleeve. Because the pipeline is buried directly and the thermal insulation pipe is directly subjected to the soil and ground live load, and is also eroded by underground moisture and groundwater, the directly buried thermal insulation pipe requires high performance in terms of waterproofness, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength. Therefore, only one pipe is required. Directly buried pipe project cost is higher. However, due to the lower comprehensive construction cost of the project, the construction is simpler, and compared with the laying of the trench, the amount of earth and stone work and the amount of brick concrete are saved, and the construction period is shortened by more than half.
Moreover, the pipeline not only has a good thermal insulation effect, but also has a low overall cost, and in the case of strict construction according to the requirements, the six-year physical anatomy analysis and artificial aging test confirm that the service life is more than 15 years, and the insulation material for laying the insulation pipe is rockwool or Centrifugal cotton is generally replaced in 3-5 years. In summary, the directly buried insulation pipe has great advantages in insulation performance, initial investment, construction conditions, maintenance workload, and daily operating expenses. The design of the pipeline is due to the fact that the maximum temperature of hot water for air conditioning in this project is 60°C, and the minimum temperature is 7°C, so the stress that the buried pipeline will not suffer will not be too great. The general buried pipeline material is No.20 seamless steel pipe or Q235 pipe. When installed above 15°C, the direct-buried heating pipeline (<100°C) does not need to take any measures. The pipeline is directly buried in the form of no compensation installation. Underground (no fixed bearings, no compensators), the pipeline can achieve safe operation. Therefore, the use of uncompensated installations for district cooling and heating (<100°C water systems) will be convenient, safe and economical.
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Dispersion Prism

Littrow prisms feature 30°, 60°, and 90° angles .30° - 60° - 90° Littrow Dispersion Prisms can be used for a variety of applications. Uncoated littrow dipersion prisms are used to disperse light into its component spectrum. Coated littrow dipersion prisms are used to deviate the line of sight by 60°.

Dispersion Prisms (Uncoated)
Collimated white light enters into the A-C surface of the prism, is reflected at the hypotenuse surface, and then dispersed into its component spectrum at the B-C surface. Although Littrow prisms produce narrower dispersion than equilateral prisms, Littrow prisms are typically less expensive.
Beam Deviation Prisms (Coated)
Incident light enters into the aluminum coated B-C surface of the prism at the nominal angle and returns back using the same path. In spectrum dispersion applications utilizing white light, the resolution performance of Littrow prisms is equal to equilateral prisms since the optical path length through the glass substrate is the same distance round-trip. Additionally, light entered into the A-C surface will reflect twice inside the glass substrate before being emitted through the hypotenuse surface at 60°.

Dispersion Prism,Optical Dispersion Prisms,Beam Deviation Prisms,Inked Dispersion Prism

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