Laser welding technology is widely used in automobile body manufacturing process due to its high energy density, fast welding speed, high arc stability and high quality weld formation. The use of laser welding technology makes the front of the body crash. The rear impact and side impact can meet the higher design requirements, but in the product design process, the design of the welded joint and the evaluation standard of the weld quality and the repair of the weld after welding are correspondingly put forward higher requirements.
Since the 1980s, laser technology has been used in the automotive body manufacturing industry, mainly using laser welding of the body. There are two main types of lasers used in laser welding equipment: Nd:YAG solid-state lasers, the main advantage is that the generated beam can be transmitted through the fiber; CO2 laser can work continuously and output high power.
In the development of new laser welding technology, laser technology has experienced the development process of unequal thick plate laser splicing technology, body laser welding technology and laser composite welding technology in the body manufacturing process.
Compared with a single laser welding technology, laser hybrid welding technology has significant advantages: high stability of arc welding during high speed welding, greater penetration, greater gap weldability, and better weld toughness. The welding structure can be adjusted by the welding wire. The design of welds and the evaluation of weld standards have been continuously improved and improved with the development of laser welding technology, especially in recent years, the wide application of galvanized sheet, three-layer board and ultra-high-strength steel sheet, the design of joints The type puts forward higher requirements, and the evaluation of the weld standard is also continuously refined and optimized. This not only provides a guarantee for the manufacture of high-quality welded body, but also provides a theoretical basis for the repair of the weld.
At present, FAW Volkswagen employs advanced manufacturing such as laser cutting, laser melting welding and laser hybrid welding in the body manufacturing process of almost all brand models such as Audi C6, Golf A6, Polaris, Sagitar, Magotan, and Model X. Technology (see Table 1). Due to the different welding parts, the type and evaluation standard of the welded joints and the welding defects in the welds are also different, which leads to some differences in the weld repair standards.
Taking the FAW Volkswagen Magotan body as an example, the total length of the laser welding seam of the body is as high as 42 m. The joint type of the weld is related to the butt joint of the laser welding of the top cover, the lap joint I-type joint on the upper and lower windshield, and the rear flow tank. There are many forms such as lap joint welds and corner joints at the front end. Due to the different types of welds, the welding methods, parameters, evaluation criteria and post-weld repair standards for laser welding are different (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Magotan body overlooking the laser weld
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