Abstract In recent years, shale gas exploration and development has received more and more attention. Foreign experts believe that the prospect of shale gas development in China is optimistic, but the development process needs to solve the three major problems of insufficient water resources, insufficient technical capacity and insufficient pipeline resources. Foreign experts believe that China has become a world...
In recent years, shale gas exploration and development has received more and more attention. Foreign experts believe that the prospect of shale gas development in China is optimistic, but the development process needs to solve the three major problems of insufficient water resources, insufficient technical capacity and insufficient pipeline resources. Foreign experts believe that China has become the world's largest energy consumer. Although China is developing rapidly in wind, solar, hydro and nuclear energy, it is natural gas that provides the possibility to truly change China's energy structure. Shale gas, coalbed methane and coal to gas.
Shale gas is an important part of unconventional natural gas. According to the National Energy Administration's 2011 data, China's shale gas recoverable resources are about 26 trillion cubic meters, roughly equivalent to the United States. At present, China's shale gas resources are still in an undeveloped state, and the development potential is huge.
In the latest World Energy Outlook report released last month, the International Energy Agency estimates that by 2035, non-traditional natural gas, including shale gas and coalbed methane, will account for nearly half of the world's new natural gas production. Most of the new production comes from China, the United States and Australia.
Despite the optimistic development prospects, experts believe that China has three major problems in the development of shale gas resources, such as insufficient water resources, insufficient technical capacity and insufficient pipeline resources.
At the World Gas Conference in Kuala Lumpur, Asia-Pacific gas expert Gavin Thompson said it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth study of China's shale gas potential and mining skills. At the same time, land acquisition issues, environmental challenges, supply chain services and infrastructure shortages will all pose challenges for China's shale gas development.
First of all, there is insufficient water resources. Currently, the development of shale gas mainly uses the "hydraulic fracturing method". The method is to inject a mixture of sand, water, and special chemicals into deep underground rocks, forcing the rock to rupture, thereby obtaining shale gas. This approach requires abundant water support.
Jeff Shiskok, author of "Earth War: A Global Resource War," said that most parts of northern China have long been water-stressed, while in the south, shale gas exploration will compete for water resources with crops.
Second, the ability to develop technology is insufficient. Compared with the United States with rich mining experience, China's shale gas development technology capabilities are obviously insufficient. The US shale gas resources have been developed for more than 30 years and have extensive experience and infrastructure in the oil and gas industry. The US Exploration Company has pioneered key technologies such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. The drilling team is an industry leader and an excellent service department covering financing, distribution, processing and marketing that supports the entire industry.
To solve this problem, Hescok said that Chinese state-owned enterprises such as PetroChina and CNOOC can learn the skills related to shale gas mining through investment in North American shale gas companies and joint ventures with oil giants such as Exxon Mobil and Shell. However, he reminded that in the process of developing shale gas, each shale gas field is unique, that is to say, there is no "one-size-fits-all" technology. Therefore, Chinese companies must cultivate their own technological innovation capabilities.
Finally, there are not enough pipeline resources. Thousands of kilometers of natural gas pipelines and receiving points have been built in North America, and geological survey records are informative. There is still a considerable gap in the construction of these hardware and software.
Experts also reminded that in addition to the above three shortcomings, China's development of shale gas resources, like the United States, must also consider environmental risks and public support.
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