American scientists have discovered the first direct evidence that the mysterious state of matter, the energy gap, competes with high-temperature superconductivity: the energy gap "snatch" the electrons in the high-temperature superconductor - these electrons could have been paired and made with 100% efficiency Current is passed through the superconducting material. The research was led by researchers at Stanford University and the US Department of Energy's Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, and the results were recently published in Nature Materials.
In the mid-1990s, scientists discovered a confusing energy gap in the energy spectrum of copper oxide superconductors, which is called the èµ energy gap. This enthalpy gap looks much like the energy gap left by electrons in a superconductor, but it occurs at very mild temperatures, where superconductivity is not possible. Is it the introduction phase of superconducting behavior? Is it a competitive state that suppresses superconductivity within a certain range? Where does it come from? No one knows the answer.
New research has found that the èµ energy gap is one of the stumbling blocks that prevent superconductors from working at higher temperatures. Hashimoto, a scientist at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, said they found solid evidence that the èµ energy gap competes with superconductivity and inhibits superconductivity. If a certain approach is taken to eliminate this competitive relationship or to handle it better, researchers may increase the operating temperature of the superconductor.
They used a technique called angular resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) to knock electrons out of the copper oxide material. According to a report by the Physicist Organization Network on December 22 (Beijing time), by mapping the energy and momentum of these "expelled" electrons, they were able to understand the performance of electrons inside the material. In the end, they found through various measurements that at critical critical temperature points, the èµ energy gap and superconductivity competed for electrons.
Thomas Devro, a professor at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, explained that the energy gap tends to swallow electrons that attempt to enter the superconducting state. The electrons are busy dancing in the energy gap, and superconductivity tries to insert it. , electronics does not let it add a child. Later, when the material enters the superconducting state, the energy gap is disarmed and the electrons are released. “This is the strongest evidence we have gained about the competition between the energy gap and superconductivity.â€
Devero said that scientists still don't know what caused the èµ energy gap, which is one of the most important issues in this field, because it is clearly preventing the superconductor from working at higher temperatures.
But researchers believe that the results of this study point the way for more in-depth research. Hashimoto said that now they can simulate the relationship between the energy gap and superconductivity through theoretical calculations, and change the parameters to find out what the energy gap is. Hashimoto believes that competition may be just one aspect of the relationship between the two, and there are more esoteric questions waiting to be solved. For example, is the energy gap necessary for the emergence of superconductivity?
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