With the rapid replacement of electronic products, the number of old electronic products that have been eliminated by the family is increasing. Simple and rude dismantling of used electronic products, even incineration, burial and other treatment methods, will cause heavy metals and other harmful substances contained in used electronic products to remain in the environment for a long time, causing damage to the environment and the human body. Many university research institutions, including Beijing University of Science and Technology, and Huaxin Luyuan Environmental Protection Industry Development Co., Ltd. and other leading companies in the industry jointly develop more efficient dismantling and disposing technologies for used electronic products, while protecting the environment, turning e-waste into Treasure, let it flourish.
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Recycling of the refrigerator
The first attribute of used electronic products is “toxic†or “harmfulâ€, so they are often called “e-wasteâ€, which is why they are scientifically recycled, disassembled and disposed of. There are two main types of toxic substances in electronic waste: one is toxic substances containing heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium; the other is toxic and harmful substances such as polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and freons. For example, Freon, which is a waste of scrapped refrigerators, is the killer of the earth's ozone layer and belongs to gaseous harmful substances; the engine oil and lubricating oil, such as compressors, cause pollution of soil and groundwater, which are liquid toxic substances; foaming agent insulation materials that have not been scientifically disposed. It causes pollution of soil, water and air and is a solid hazardous substance.
So how do a waste refrigerator use the scientific method of "detoxification"? Like other electronic waste, the dismantling of refrigerators is now taking the assembly line. After a refrigerator has gone through the "travel" of the assembly line, it has to undergo four detoxifications. The first detoxification is the recycling of Freon. The copper tube of the refrigerator compressor is sealed with the Freon extractor, and the Freon is collected in the storage tank to avoid damage to the earth's ozone layer. The second detoxification is the removal of odor. The refrigerator is transferred to a closed studio to remove odor and avoid air pollution. The third detoxification is the recovery of compressor oil and lubricants. The refrigerator compressor oil is pumped through a vacuum Pump and the lubricating oil is collected by high-pressure air atomization. The fourth detoxification is the separation, crushing and compression treatment of the foaming agent insulation material.
After being detoxified, e-waste becomes a renewable resource, which is an important source of non-ferrous metals and plastics such as steel, copper and aluminum. In 2013, China handled nearly 50 million pieces of waste electrical and electronic products (including 712,200 used refrigerators), and recovered a total of 96,300 tons of steel, 19,800 tons of copper, 0.52 million tons of aluminum, and 148,100 tons of plastics. , copper, aluminum, plastics, processing a refrigerator to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of 0.8 tons, 1.8 tons, 9.9 tons, 2.5 tons, 2 tons, a total of 1,956,800 tons of greenhouse gases. It can be seen that the scientific electronic waste disposal technology has made great contributions to resource recycling and environmental protection in China.
To the electronic waste to gold
In addition to "toxic" e-waste, another attribute is "useful" to recover and separate steel, copper, aluminum and so on. In fact, there is even gold in e-waste. Studies have shown that about 1 ton of discarded computer circuit boards and components contain about 120 grams of gold. The technology developed by the project team of Beijing University of Science and Technology is actually to improve the value of e-waste resource recycling under the premise of ensuring that e-waste is completely “detoxified†and does not cause damage to the environment.
The researcher of the technology research and development team and researcher Zhang Qiangen of the New Materials Technology Research Institute of Beijing University of Science and Technology introduced that the traditional process of recovering precious metals such as gold from electronic waste is aqua regia and cyanide extraction. Cyanide is a highly toxic chemical, commonly known as "three steps down." Aqueous water is a mixed acid of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid and is the strongest corrosive agent. The above chemicals are biological deadly killers, which greatly damage the environment. After years of painstaking experiments, the R&D team developed a cyanide-free wet process to extract precious metals such as gold, achieving the dual effects of resource recovery and environmental protection.
Electronic waste green dismantling
Zhang Shenen said that most of the e-waste collected by self-employed people is treated in a barbaric and non-scientific way, causing serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, e-waste is not only an extremely rich resource of “urban mineralsâ€, but also a very dangerous source of pollution. It has the dual characteristics of resources and pollution. Fortunately, e-waste recycling technology is changing with each passing day. In the short period of ten years, it has been developed from manual disassembly to semi-automatic and automated dismantling; from the original environmentally-friendly cyanide extraction gold to the cyanide-free process. Disposal enterprises have entered the stage of transformation and upgrading of e-waste deep processing and green and efficient recycling.
dialogue
Using Internet thinking to do electronic recycling
Jinghua Times: What is the most difficult thing in the process of recycling and utilizing waste electronic products?
The person in charge of Huaxin Luyuan Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Huaxin Luyuanâ€): The main use of technology is that we have spent several years developing technology with Beijing University of Science and Technology to improve the utilization of resources. The main problem with the recycling system is that the channels are not regular, which has always been a chronic illness. Many people in the community riding tricycles to collect used electrical appliances. Some of them will be sold to us after they are collected, and some will be sold to small workshops. Small workshops will sell the used electrical appliances to the second-hand market. If you can't use them, you can cut out the copper wire and other parts that can sell the money. The remaining garbage is burned or thrown away in a remote place. This is a great hazard to the environment. Let our one or several companies establish a door-to-door system that covers the whole city. The cost is too high. At the same time, there are various high costs such as logistics, warehousing, and taxation. Therefore, the regulation of the recycling system requires government departments, manufacturers, and formal recycling. Deal with the company to build together.
Jinghua Times: What kind of support is needed as a recycling enterprise for used electronic products?
Huaxin Luyuan: In fact, the state has introduced corresponding measures at the policy level. The “Administrative Measures for the Collection and Use of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products Processing Funds†implemented in 2012 is to allow electronic product manufacturers to pay corresponding processing fees for each product produced, such as TV sets of 13 yuan/set, refrigerators. It is 12 yuan / Taiwan. This money is collected by the state to become a processing fund, and then subsidized to the processing enterprise. This is actually a great support policy for us. The existing problems are still concentrated in the recycling process, and a sound industry-wide chain of producers, distributors, consumers, recyclers, and processors should be established. For example, when the government planning and construction department can build a residential area, it will reserve a place to set up a recycling pavilion as a necessary support for urban functions. Now many of my peers are actually discussing this matter with relevant government departments or community properties. For example, can you make specific requirements for the recycling of producers and distributors?
Jinghua Times: What is the next development plan for Huaxin Luyuan?
Huaxin Luyuan: We have a subsidiary called banana peel, which is a waste electronic product recycling service platform built with Internet thinking, and it uses O2O (online to offline) mode. We are working with some primary and secondary schools and residential communities, and we have put a number of recycling machines, which are about the same as vending machines. In addition to collecting used electrical appliances, we also collect domestic waste that can be recycled, but we have to separate them. When users use this recycling machine, they must first register and bind the bank card. When the item is placed in the recycling machine, the recycling machine will give the user a barcode. After recycling, we will pay according to the barcode information and the corresponding recycling price. Go to the user's bank card. In short, we hope to continue to explore in this field and to embark on a path that is suitable for our growth. We also hope that through our efforts, we can make our own contribution to the cause of environmental protection.
Award-winning project
“Disposal and recycling technology of waste electrical and electronic equipment and its industrial application†was jointly completed by Beijing University of Science and Technology and Huaxin Lvyuan Environmental Protection Industry Development Co., Ltd. The result belongs to non-ferrous metals and metallurgy, and the result has broken through green dismantling. The three key technologies of high-value core components (circuit board) crushing and sorting, copper and precious metal green extraction solve the problems of low recovery rate and serious pollution in the traditional recycling technology of waste electrical and electronic appliances. This technical achievement has been authorized to invent 10 patents and 8 utility model patents, forming industrialized patent group technology and equipment for dismantling, processing, sorting and deep processing of used electronic appliances, achieving the dual effects of environment and benefits.
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