Since the beginning of this year, the 17 provinces across the country have raised the minimum wage standard successively, and the process of “lowering†the income distribution has accelerated, which also indicates the end of the era of cheap labor. Recently, the Hainan provincial government executive meeting passed the minimum wage standard adjustment plan. Since September, the minimum wage in Hainan Province has been raised by 220 yuan, and the hourly minimum wage will be raised by 2 yuan on the original basis. After adjustment, the monthly minimum wages for the first-class areas of Hainan Province (Haikou City, Sanya City, Yangpu Economic Development Zone), the second-class areas (Qionghai, Zhangzhou City), and the third-category areas (other cities and counties) were raised to 1050 respectively. Yuan, 950 yuan, 900 yuan, the hourly minimum wage was raised to 9.2 yuan, 8.3 yuan, 7.9 yuan. Jiang Ding, deputy secretary of the provincial party committee of Hainan Province, said that the upward adjustment will effectively raise the income level of urban and rural residents, especially low-income groups, and play a positive role in ensuring the stability of employment. From a national perspective, the growth rate of the minimum wage this year has declined somewhat. The data shows that as of the end of June this year, the average increase in the minimum wage in 16 provinces was 19.7%, down from 22% last year. Nevertheless, experts believe that the 19.7% increase is still high growth, higher than GDP growth rate and labor productivity growth rate, higher than the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†target. Many interviewed experts believe that this is the result of the combination of market demand and administrative means. Different from previous years, a big background for the upward adjustment of the minimum wage this year is that the "Overall Plan for the Reform of the Income Distribution System" will be introduced soon. However, in the case of a slowdown in economic growth, whether income distribution reform will accelerate, there is still controversy. Compensatory growth in wage levels In 2009, China's minimum wage standard was suspended. As China's economic growth rate resumed, employment demand and prices rose significantly. In 2010 and 2011, the minimum wage standards were adjusted significantly in several provinces. Our reporter's statistics on the growth rate of minimum wages in 17 provinces and municipalities in the past three years (2010-2012) found that Hainan ranked first with an increase of 66.7%, followed by Sichuan and Chongqing with an increase of 38% and 35.2% respectively. Thereafter. Jiangxi has the smallest increase, at 17.2%. For this year's growth rate of 19.7%, Su Hainan, vice president of the Chinese Labor Association and president of the salary professional committee, analyzed that the GDP growth rate slowed down this year, and prices have also dropped. The minimum wage growth rate is normal, and the growth rate of 19.7% is still High. Peng Yu, a senior researcher at the Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences, agrees. He also believes that wage growth in the past two years is a kind of compensatory growth. "The previous salary level is really too low." At the same time as the minimum wage is raised, the wage level of the entire society has increased. Taking the average annual wage of employees in urban non-private units as an example, the National Bureau of Statistics shows that in 2010 and 2011, the average annual wages of urban non-private workers in the country were 37,147 yuan and 42,452 yuan respectively, a nominal increase of 13.5% year-on-year. 14.3%, an increase of 1.5% and 0.8% year-on-year. Many experts believe that “this is the result of the combination of market demand and administrative means, and the minimum wage is positively correlated with the overall social wage level.†The rise in wages has contributed to the increase in per capita disposable income. Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first half of 2012, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in China was actually increased by 9.7% after deducting the price factor. The per capita cash income of rural residents was 12.4% lower than the price factor, which exceeded the growth rate of 7.8% in the first half of the year. But the next question is that it is difficult to significantly raise the wages of low-income people. Peng Yu said: "Under the impact of the international financial crisis, SMEs have difficulties in operating and the cost of enterprises is high. The way out for labor-intensive industries in the coastal areas is to transfer or upgrade. That is to transfer to low-labor labor costs in the central and western regions, introduce advanced technologies, and change marketing. Strategy, etc.. The comparative advantage of population comparative advantage to reduce wages is that labor costs are increasing substantially. Cai Wei, a researcher at the Institute of Population Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that in the first 10 years of this century, China’s working-age population has only increased by 1%. By 2015, China’s working-age population will no longer grow, and the Chinese Lewis turning point has arrived. Although there is still controversy in the society about the “disappearance of the demographic dividendâ€, it is undeniable that the era of cheap labor has become a thing of the past and China’s comparative advantage has gradually disappeared. An important performance is that many foreign business giants, such as Adidas and Nike, have closed their production lines in China. After closing the only factory in China in July this year, it was reported that Adidas will terminate cooperation with 300 foundries in China. According to media research in the Pearl River Delta, the troubled is not a subsidiary of Adi. The increase in labor costs is an important cause of this phenomenon. Statistics from the Japan External Trade Organization show that under the same conditions, Vietnam's production costs are 15% to 30% lower than China's. Last year, the average monthly salary of factory workers in Vietnam was about 136 US dollars, Indonesia was about 129 US dollars, and Chinese workers have reached 413 US dollars, more than twice that of Vietnam and Indonesia. Since 2003, the term “labor shortage†has been widely mentioned. In the past 10 years, the employment has shown a new change, that is, the labor-exporting areas in the central and western regions and the eastern coastal areas are simultaneously showing labor shortages, and the two sides compete for labor. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first half of 2011, the wages of migrant workers in Anhui Province exceeded the number of migrant workers for the first time. The same situation also occurred in labor provinces such as Hunan. This reflects that some industries in the Midwest have already surpassed the coastal areas. According to statistics released by various provinces and cities, as of August 9, 18 provinces and cities across the country have adjusted the minimum wage. Among them, the highest monthly minimum wage is Shenzhen, which is 1,500 yuan; the highest hourly minimum wage is Beijing, which is 14 yuan. 18 provinces and cities monthly minimum wage standard 1,500 yuan in Shenzhen as of August 9, Beijing, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shenzhen, Shandong, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Shanxi, Yunnan, Chongqing, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, Fujian The 18 provinces and cities in Hainan have adjusted the minimum wage. Statistics show that among the 18 provinces and cities after adjustment, the highest monthly minimum wage is Shenzhen (1500 yuan), followed by Shanghai (1450 yuan) and Xinjiang (1340 yuan), while Jiangxi is only 870 yuan, ranking bottom. . The top three hourly minimum wages are Beijing (14 yuan), Xinjiang (13.4 yuan) and Shenzhen (13.3 yuan), while Guangxi (8.5 yuan) is the bottom. The provinces that adjusted the minimum wage in the first half of the year found that the number of provinces that adjusted the minimum wage in the first half of this year was lower than last year. According to data released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently, in the first half of this year, 16 provinces across the country adjusted their minimum wage standards. In the first half of 2011, 18 provinces in the country adjusted the minimum wage. In the second half of 2012, Fujian and Hainan successively adjusted the minimum wage. Among them, Hainan's minimum monthly wage before adjustment was only 830 yuan, and the hourly minimum wage was only 7.5 yuan, ranking the bottom in the country. After the adjustment, Hainan's monthly minimum wage was 1,050 yuan, and the hourly minimum wage was 9.2 yuan. It is reported that China's "Minimum Wage Regulations" clarify that the minimum wage standards in each region must be adjusted at least once every two years. The National Human Rights Action Plan (2012-2015) issued by the State Council on June 11 also proposed to establish a normal wage growth mechanism and steadily raise the minimum wage standard. The minimum wage standard will increase by more than 13% annually.
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