The cultivation methods of oil sunflower have the following points:
First, select excellent varieties. Spring sowing should use varieties with good early maturity, thin seed coat, full grain, strong heterosis, high purity, tidy growth and good yield traits, such as short head, Dika-101, Dwarf early and other hybrids. Before the broadcast, we must do a good job in drying and selecting.
Second, land preparation and fertilization. The root system of oil sunflower is developed, and its absorption capacity for nutrients is strong. In order to achieve high yield, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer. In general, 5,000 kilograms of farmer's fertilizer is applied to the farm, and 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is used.
Third, timely broadcast early. Oil sunflower is extremely resistant to stress and has a short growth period. It should be properly pre-emerged in production. The flowering period can avoid the hot and rainy season, increase the self-pollination rate and reduce the shell rate. Usually planted within 15 days after mid-March.
Fourth, reasonable density. The implementation of wide and narrow row planting is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, which is conducive to field operation management, which is conducive to individual development and achieves mass production. Generally, the width is 70 cm, the narrow line is 40 cm to 50 cm, the plant spacing is 30 cm, and the seedlings are 3,500 to 4,000.
Fifth, field management. Seedling stage: Oil sunflower is a dicotyledonous crop. It has weak top soil ability and difficulty in emergence. After emergence, it should be checked early to make seedlings or soil transplanted to ensure seedlings. Two pairs of true leaf time seedlings, three pairs of true leaves when seedlings. Oil sunflower is a root-crop crop. It is timely and deep-cultivated to loosen the soil, remove weeds, promote root development and down-slipping, expand the absorption range, and is beneficial to drought resistance and robust growth of plants. Appropriate control of fertilizer and water seedlings in the seedling stage, cultivation of strong seedlings. Flowering period: The bud period is the key period of water demand. Combined with cultivating water, the urea is 10 kg to 15 kg. In addition, it can be supplemented with potassium fertilizer or foliar spray containing plant nutrient solution such as micro-fertilizer. , Brassini, rare earth, etc., set up a high-yield seedling; flowering period is the critical period of water demand, should be rationally managed according to weather conditions, drought and timely watering. At the same time, do a good job of cultivating the soil to prevent the wind from falling. Early fork. Oil sunflower in the bud period encounters a persistent dry climate, pests, deficiency, etc., prone to bifurcation, long-term phenomenon, should take early measures to completely break the fork. Artificial assistant pollination during flowering. Oil sunflower is a cross-pollinated crop with low self-pollination rate and artificial auxiliary pollination during flowering period, which can effectively increase the yield per unit area and the oil yield of sunflower seeds. It can be used to release bees, artificial soft-bubble friction or relative friction of discs. Pollination, 2-3 times better.
Sixth, pest control. The main underground pests in the seedling stage are ground tigers, crickets, crickets, etc., and 50% phoxim or chlorpyrifos 1000 times liquid can be sprayed on the surface. The main pests in the seed-seating period include cotton bollworm, Spodoptera litura, corn borer, chafer, wasp and other pests. It can be controlled with beta-cypermethrin pesticides. It is strictly forbidden to use drugs during flowering period, so as to avoid killing bees and causing improper pollination.
Seven, timely harvest. It can be harvested when 4 to 5 leaves and stems in the upper part of the plant and the back of the disk turn yellow and the grain becomes hard. The harvest should not be too early or too late, the water content is too high in too early, and the mildew is too late, which affects the yield and oil content. Immediately after the harvest, spread out on the drying ground, and lift it to prevent mildew.
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