Desalination is the dream that mankind has pursued for centuries. As early as 400 years ago, the British royal family had offered a reward for the desalination of seawater for economical profit. Since the 1950s, desalination technology has accelerated with the intensification of the water crisis.
The essence of seawater desalination is to "change the source of energy." However, the seawater desalination industry is an energy-intensive industry. The use of traditional energy sources for seawater desalination has caused resource shortages and environmental pollution. In recent years, renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar energy, and ocean energy have received attention from research institutions around the world due to their reproducible and non-polluting characteristics. Desalination of renewable energy has gradually entered the people's lives.
Desalination of wind energy is the highest in industrialization
Wind energy utilization is a renewable energy technology with the most mature technology and the highest level of industrialization. There are two main forms of desalination of wind energy: seawater desalination of wind power (separation); direct drive of seawater desalination (coupled). Separation is the first conversion of wind energy to electrical energy, and then driven desalination unit desalination. Coupling is the direct use of the mechanical energy converted by wind energy to drive the desalination unit for desalination. Both must use relevant regulating devices to solve the problem of wind energy fluctuations. Separating seawater desalination wind power can be integrated into the grid or it can be directly connected to the seawater desalination plant as an independent energy source.
U.S. GE conducted a systematic theoretical and physical model study on the wind power desalination plants based on these two power supply methods, which showed that the cost of integrating wind power into grid-type seawater desalination plants is lower.
The important feature of wind power is its randomness (discontinuity). When wind power is connected to the grid, it will have a negative impact on the power grid. Similarly, even if wind power is not directly connected to the seawater desalination plant, the output of fresh water is not stable, and it is difficult to ensure a stable and reliable water supply in the city. The main solutions include: storage tank method, battery method, pumped storage method, etc. The first method is the most commonly used method.
China's inland mountains, islands, and coastal areas all have abundant wind energy resources (average annual wind speeds can reach 5m/s or more). If there is a shortage of freshwater resources in this area, there is a demand for seawater or brackish water desalination, and desalination of wind energy and seawater It is possible to solve the problem of the supply of fresh water and energy at the same time. Especially in recent years, advances in wind power generation technology and seawater desalination technology have made wind energy desalination technology more and more widely used worldwide, and have achieved many valuable research results.
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