Although the springs are small but serve as general-purpose basic parts, they have a wide range of products and are complicated in variety. The application fields involve almost all areas of the national economy, and they have made tremendous contributions. In recent years, the rapid development of China's national economy has also stimulated the rapid growth of China's spring industry. Experts expect this growth will continue. By 2010, the industry's total sales will exceed 4 billion yuan. According to analysis, there are currently five major markets for spring products: transportation, daily-use hardware, instrumentation and electronic appliances, mining and mining accessories, and overseas export markets.
The transportation market pulls the strongest transportation market, including the supply of accessory and maintenance springs to industries such as automobiles, motorcycles, diesel engines, and railways. This is the most important and promising market for the spring industry, with sales close to the industry. For 40% of the automotive industry alone, the demand for suspension springs was 7 million in 2002, 100 million valve springs (including motorcycle and diesel engine manufacturing), and 1.2 million stabilizer bars. In 2002, the total sales of springs for these industries were more than 1 billion yuan.
In the next 5-7 years, China's auto industry will enter a stage of rapid growth, and the annual growth rate will remain at 15%-25%. In 2003, the demand for suspension springs is expected to approach 10 million, and the demand for stabilizer bars will be 1.6 million. The rapid development of the automotive industry has produced a significant pulling effect on the spring industry. It has become the largest user in the spring industry, and has attracted the attention of foreign spring counterparts. Apart from foreign capital and joint venture companies that have taken the first step to enter the Chinese market, it has recently been made in Japan. Co., Ltd. and Chuo Weaving Co., Ltd. have also entered China and want to have a place in this market.
Another major potential market for the spring industry is the railway system. With the deepening of the reform of the railway system, the gradual opening of the market and the implementation of high-speed railway planning, the vehicle damping system is facing upgrading, and the railway line should be installed with new shock absorption and noise reduction. The components will bring tremendous business opportunities to the spring industry. Some companies have been listed as high-speed train spring fixed-point units of the Ministry of Railways, and some units are developing rubber-metal composite springs for vibration damping and noise reduction of high-speed railway tracks. At present, the market for the railway system has just begun to open up to the external system. Although the degree of openness is still small, the potential is considerable.
In the next few years, the motorcycle industry will not have much growth, and will continue to maintain the current annual production level of 13 million vehicles. The demand for motorcycle shock absorber springs and clutch springs will remain at 50 million and 40 million pieces, and the environment With the increase in demand, the proportion of two-stroke motorcycles has dropped, and the proportion of four strokes has risen, which will increase the number of valve springs.
Daily-use hardware market has a strong demand for daily necessities and hardware industry, including lighters, toys, locks, door hinges, gym equipment, mattresses, sofas, etc. In terms of quantity, the demand for springs is the largest, with billions of pieces. The demand is not high, the price is very low, generally produced by small spring plants scattered throughout the country. They have unique advantages in cost, and it is difficult for large spring plants to compete with them. In recent years, the domestic market has had a strong demand for daily-use hardware products, which has led to the growth of matching springs. As a result, new spring companies have also been born from time to time. In the future, market demand will increase at a rate of 7% to 10% per year. After China's accession to the WTO, the export volume of daily hardware products has increased significantly, and spring demand has been driven. However, due to the influence of international market demand and trade barriers, the international market has its own uncertainties.
Instruments and electrical appliances market began to recover the typical products of instrumentation and electronic springs such as brush springs, switch springs, camera springs, computer keyboard springs, and instrumentation accessories springs. This type of spring has many leaf springs and guide springs. And the technical requirements vary widely. In the past few years, the domestic instrumentation, electronic and electrical industries were impacted by imported products and were generally sluggish. The spring manufacturers supporting them were hampered and recently recovered and recovered.
The industrial and mineral products market is adjusting the industrial and mineral products market from textile machinery cradle springs to chemical springs, power station switches and hanger springs, bulldozer springs, etc., covering the industrial sectors other than the transportation industry. Technical requirements and technological processes are very different. The demand for springs is directly proportional to market demand for production materials and the scale of infrastructure projects. The previous years have been affected by the industrial structure. This market has been in an awkward state and has recently picked up. But still did not get rid of the adjustment situation.
The overseas market has great potential. According to customs statistics, in the past two years, China exports about 22,000 tons of springs every year. Most of them are leaf springs. Coil springs only account for a small part of them. The product structure is based on daily-use hardware springs. The destination is Hong Kong and Taiwan regions. Mold springs and auto parts springs have been exported to Japan, Europe, America and Southeast Asia in small quantities, but they have not really entered the OEM package. In recent years, in order to reduce procurement costs, some American auto companies have turned procurement of auto parts including springs into China, creating a precedent for Chinese springs to enter the US OEM market. With the establishment of the status of China’s manufacturing power and the improvement of the quality of the spring industry’s technology and products, the spring’s export market has broad prospects. It is estimated that by 2005, the proportion of export spring products will account for 5% of the industry's output value, and the export value will increase to 70 million US dollars.
According to statistical data, exports of spring products in industrialized countries account for about 15% to 20% of the industry's output value. From a long-term perspective, there is a large potential market for China’s spring exports. China's spring companies should take concrete actions according to their own circumstances, such as strengthening cooperation with foreign companies, introducing advanced foreign technologies to improve product quality, enhance competitiveness, create famous brands, expand the international influence of products, and seize the greater international market. Share.
The transportation market pulls the strongest transportation market, including the supply of accessory and maintenance springs to industries such as automobiles, motorcycles, diesel engines, and railways. This is the most important and promising market for the spring industry, with sales close to the industry. For 40% of the automotive industry alone, the demand for suspension springs was 7 million in 2002, 100 million valve springs (including motorcycle and diesel engine manufacturing), and 1.2 million stabilizer bars. In 2002, the total sales of springs for these industries were more than 1 billion yuan.
In the next 5-7 years, China's auto industry will enter a stage of rapid growth, and the annual growth rate will remain at 15%-25%. In 2003, the demand for suspension springs is expected to approach 10 million, and the demand for stabilizer bars will be 1.6 million. The rapid development of the automotive industry has produced a significant pulling effect on the spring industry. It has become the largest user in the spring industry, and has attracted the attention of foreign spring counterparts. Apart from foreign capital and joint venture companies that have taken the first step to enter the Chinese market, it has recently been made in Japan. Co., Ltd. and Chuo Weaving Co., Ltd. have also entered China and want to have a place in this market.
Another major potential market for the spring industry is the railway system. With the deepening of the reform of the railway system, the gradual opening of the market and the implementation of high-speed railway planning, the vehicle damping system is facing upgrading, and the railway line should be installed with new shock absorption and noise reduction. The components will bring tremendous business opportunities to the spring industry. Some companies have been listed as high-speed train spring fixed-point units of the Ministry of Railways, and some units are developing rubber-metal composite springs for vibration damping and noise reduction of high-speed railway tracks. At present, the market for the railway system has just begun to open up to the external system. Although the degree of openness is still small, the potential is considerable.
In the next few years, the motorcycle industry will not have much growth, and will continue to maintain the current annual production level of 13 million vehicles. The demand for motorcycle shock absorber springs and clutch springs will remain at 50 million and 40 million pieces, and the environment With the increase in demand, the proportion of two-stroke motorcycles has dropped, and the proportion of four strokes has risen, which will increase the number of valve springs.
Daily-use hardware market has a strong demand for daily necessities and hardware industry, including lighters, toys, locks, door hinges, gym equipment, mattresses, sofas, etc. In terms of quantity, the demand for springs is the largest, with billions of pieces. The demand is not high, the price is very low, generally produced by small spring plants scattered throughout the country. They have unique advantages in cost, and it is difficult for large spring plants to compete with them. In recent years, the domestic market has had a strong demand for daily-use hardware products, which has led to the growth of matching springs. As a result, new spring companies have also been born from time to time. In the future, market demand will increase at a rate of 7% to 10% per year. After China's accession to the WTO, the export volume of daily hardware products has increased significantly, and spring demand has been driven. However, due to the influence of international market demand and trade barriers, the international market has its own uncertainties.
Instruments and electrical appliances market began to recover the typical products of instrumentation and electronic springs such as brush springs, switch springs, camera springs, computer keyboard springs, and instrumentation accessories springs. This type of spring has many leaf springs and guide springs. And the technical requirements vary widely. In the past few years, the domestic instrumentation, electronic and electrical industries were impacted by imported products and were generally sluggish. The spring manufacturers supporting them were hampered and recently recovered and recovered.
The industrial and mineral products market is adjusting the industrial and mineral products market from textile machinery cradle springs to chemical springs, power station switches and hanger springs, bulldozer springs, etc., covering the industrial sectors other than the transportation industry. Technical requirements and technological processes are very different. The demand for springs is directly proportional to market demand for production materials and the scale of infrastructure projects. The previous years have been affected by the industrial structure. This market has been in an awkward state and has recently picked up. But still did not get rid of the adjustment situation.
The overseas market has great potential. According to customs statistics, in the past two years, China exports about 22,000 tons of springs every year. Most of them are leaf springs. Coil springs only account for a small part of them. The product structure is based on daily-use hardware springs. The destination is Hong Kong and Taiwan regions. Mold springs and auto parts springs have been exported to Japan, Europe, America and Southeast Asia in small quantities, but they have not really entered the OEM package. In recent years, in order to reduce procurement costs, some American auto companies have turned procurement of auto parts including springs into China, creating a precedent for Chinese springs to enter the US OEM market. With the establishment of the status of China’s manufacturing power and the improvement of the quality of the spring industry’s technology and products, the spring’s export market has broad prospects. It is estimated that by 2005, the proportion of export spring products will account for 5% of the industry's output value, and the export value will increase to 70 million US dollars.
According to statistical data, exports of spring products in industrialized countries account for about 15% to 20% of the industry's output value. From a long-term perspective, there is a large potential market for China’s spring exports. China's spring companies should take concrete actions according to their own circumstances, such as strengthening cooperation with foreign companies, introducing advanced foreign technologies to improve product quality, enhance competitiveness, create famous brands, expand the international influence of products, and seize the greater international market. Share.
Littrow prisms feature 30°, 60°, and 90° angles .30° - 60° - 90° Littrow Dispersion Prisms can be used for a variety of applications. Uncoated littrow dipersion prisms are used to disperse light into its component spectrum. Coated littrow dipersion prisms are used to deviate the line of sight by 60°.
Dispersion Prisms (Uncoated)
Collimated white light enters into the A-C surface of the prism, is reflected at the hypotenuse surface, and then dispersed into its component spectrum at the B-C surface. Although Littrow prisms produce narrower dispersion than equilateral prisms, Littrow prisms are typically less expensive.
Beam Deviation Prisms (Coated)
Incident light enters into the aluminum coated B-C surface of the prism at the nominal angle and returns back using the same path. In spectrum dispersion applications utilizing white light, the resolution performance of Littrow prisms is equal to equilateral prisms since the optical path length through the glass substrate is the same distance round-trip. Additionally, light entered into the A-C surface will reflect twice inside the glass substrate before being emitted through the hypotenuse surface at 60°.
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