Development and changes of China's non-ferrous metal industry
1. Production continues to grow
(1) The average annual growth rate of 10 non-ferrous metals production is nearly 30%
In 2010, China's 10 non-ferrous metals production totaled 31.53 million tons. From 2001 to 2010, China's non-ferrous metal production totaled about 190 million tons, and the annual output basically increased linearly, with an average annual growth rate of 29.8%. In 2010, it increased by 268.2% compared with 2001. Among them, refined copper production was 4.793 million tons, up 235.2% from 2001; primary aluminum production was 15.65 million tons, up 357.6% from 2001; refined lead production was 4.32 million tons. In 2001, it increased by 269.2%. (2) The output of raw materials for common non-ferrous metal mines has increased rapidly.
In 2010, the content of copper concentrate in China's mineral products was 1.27 million tons, which was 126% higher than the output of 565,000 tons in 2001. The content of lead concentrate was 2.193 million tons, which was 266.1 more than the output of 599,000 tons in 2001. %; zinc concentrate content is 3.928 million tons, an increase of 149.9% compared with the output of 1.572 million tons in 2001; tin concentrate content is 76,000 tons, down 3.6% from the production of 78,800 tons in 2001; alumina is 28.939 million tons Compared with the output of 4.746 million tons in 2001, it increased by 509.8%. (3) The output of non-ferrous metal processing products increased sharply.
In 2010, China's copper production was 10.671 million tons, up 476.2% from 2001's 1.852 million tons; aluminum production was 22.375 million tons, an increase of 869% from 2001's 2.309 million tons.
2. Consumption ranks first in the world
In 2001, China continued to maintain its position as the world's second largest consumer of non-ferrous metals. The consumption of major non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, lead and zinc increased, in stark contrast to the general decline in non-ferrous metals consumption in other countries around the world. Among them, cathode copper is estimated to reach 2.1 million tons, ranking second in the world; primary aluminum consumption is about 3.45 million tons, second only to the United States, ranking second in the world; refined lead consumption is about 550,000 tons, ranking second in the world. The zinc consumption is about 1.2 million tons, which is also among the highest in the world.
At present, China has become the world's largest consumer of non-ferrous metals. In 2010, due to the steady growth of fixed asset investment, the consumption of non-ferrous metals in China was higher than that in 2009. In 2010, the apparent consumption of refined copper was 7.47 million tons, an increase of 3.78% year-on-year. This was achieved under the high base of 39.85% year-on-year growth in 2009, indicating that the domestic copper consumption situation is still strong; the apparent consumption of aluminum ingots is 16.02 million tons. The year-on-year growth rate was 11.92%, indicating that the domestic aluminum ingot consumption situation remained stable; the apparent consumption of lead was 4.14 million tons, up 10.58% year-on-year; the apparent consumption of zinc was 5.43 million tons, up 8.32% year-on-year.
3. Investment in fixed assets continues to increase
In 2010, China's non-ferrous metal mining, smelting and rolling processing industry completed a fixed asset investment of 393.4 billion yuan, an increase of 5985.1% over the investment of 6.465 billion yuan in 2001. In 2010, China's non-ferrous metal mining industry completed a total of 100.984 billion yuan in fixed assets investment, accounting for 25.7% of the total investment in the non-ferrous metals industry; smelting and rolling processing industry completed a total of 292.404 billion yuan in fixed assets investment, accounting for 74.3%. China's non-ferrous metal mineral resources development investment is still far less than the smelting and rolling processing industry in the middle and lower reaches, and there is a trend of further expansion, and the shortage of raw materials is still seriously plaguing the entire non-ferrous metal industry.
4. Structural adjustment continues to deepen
Since 2001, China's non-ferrous metal industry structure has made substantial progress. Increase the elimination of backward production capacity. By 2005, the country basically eliminated the backward aluminum electrolysis production process. The product structure adjustment has achieved remarkable results. A number of aluminum joint ventures with a complete industrial chain from alumina, electrolytic aluminum to aluminum processing have been built. Copper smelting enterprises have generally built new copper processing production lines, which have increased the added value of products. China's copper and aluminum processing enterprises have vigorously developed high-end deep-processing products and enhanced their market competitiveness. The industrial layout has become more market-oriented. Some energy-intensive enterprises have gathered in the central and western regions with abundant resources and energy, and some deep-processing enterprises have concentrated in the eastern regions with high marketization. The circular economy and the non-ferrous metal industry have developed rapidly and have become an important part of the non-ferrous metal industry.
5. Increase in industry profits
In 2001, there were 4,111 enterprises in China's non-ferrous metal industry, with total assets of 373.436 billion yuan and 1,525,200 employees. The annual sales income of the products was 264.297 billion yuan and the total profit was 7.137 billion yuan. At the end of 2007, there were 8,259 non-ferrous metal industrial enterprises above designated size, employing 1.93 million people, and the total assets at the end of the year was 1,248.1 billion yuan.
The profit growth of the non-ferrous metals industry is inseparable from the rise in the price of non-ferrous metal products. Affected by factors such as the depreciation of the US dollar, since 2010, non-ferrous metal varieties supported by futures derivatives such as copper, gold, lead and zinc have seen a sharp rise. From January to November 2010, China's large-scale non-ferrous metal industrial enterprises realized a profit of 114.55 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1505% in the profits of non-ferrous metal industrial enterprises above 7.71 billion yuan. From January to November 2010, the non-ferrous metal mining and mining industry realized a profit of 44.9 billion yuan, and the profit of non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry reached 98.6 billion yuan.
In 2010, the growth rate of the added value of China's non-ferrous metal mining and dressing industry was 11.2%, and the growth rate of the added value of non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry was 13.2%.
Trade situation
In 2001, the total import and export of non-ferrous metals in China was 13.82 billion US dollars. Among them, imports were 9.838 billion US dollars, exports were 3.882 billion US dollars, and the trade deficit was 5.856 billion US dollars. In 2010, the total import and export of non-ferrous metals in China reached US$120.34 billion, an increase of 770.8% over 2001 and an average annual growth rate of 85.6%. Among them, imports were 92.08 billion US dollars, an increase of 836.0% over 2001; exports were 28.26 billion US dollars, an increase of 609.7% year-on-year, and the trade deficit was 63.82 billion US dollars.
1. Export surge
Since 2001, China's non-ferrous metal industry's exports of various products have achieved rapid growth. In 2010, China's cumulative export of copper and its products was 4.804 billion US dollars, an increase of 673.6% over 2001, an average annual increase of 74.8%; cumulative exports of aluminum and its products was 14.536 billion US dollars, an increase of 889.5% over 2001, an average annual increase of 98.8%.
2. Imports grow steadily
Since 2001, the import of various products in China's non-ferrous metals industry has basically shown a growth trend. In 2010, China's cumulative imports of copper and its products were 45.592 billion US dollars, an increase of 841.1% over 2001. The total imports from 2001 to 2010 were 186.9 billion US dollars, an average annual increase of 93.5%; in 2010, China's cumulative imports of aluminum and its products was 8.974 billion. The US dollar increased by 293.6% compared with 2001. From 2001 to 2010, the total import value was US$55.1 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 32.6%.
3. Large demand for raw materials
With the rapid development of China's non-ferrous metals industry, the shortage of resources has become increasingly prominent, and the dependence on raw materials is relatively high. As of 2010, about 70% of copper concentrates are imported, and 50% of bauxite is imported. Moreover, although China imports a large amount of non-ferrous metal resources from abroad every year, it has always lacked the pricing power to compete with the import volume and market share.
In 2010, China imported a total of 2.48 million tons of copper ore and concentrates, an increase of 186.7% over 2001, an average annual increase of 20.7%; imported aluminum ore and concentrates reached 30.36 million tons, an increase of 9387.5% over 2001, an average of The growth of 1043%; imported zinc ore and its concentrates 3.24 million tons, an increase of 398.5% over 2001, an average annual increase of 44.3%; imported lead ore and its concentrates 1.61 million tons, an increase of 302.5% over 2001, an average annual growth 33.6%.
4. Increased trade friction
Since 2001, the trade barriers encountered in the export of non-ferrous metal products in China have been increasing. Non-ferrous metal export enterprises frequently encounter anti-dumping investigations by importing countries. The United States, the European Union, Canada, Russia, India, Brazil, South Korea, Peru and other countries (regions) initiated anti-dumping investigations on China's non-ferrous metal products. The international anti-dumping cases are normalized, which has caused the export of China's non-ferrous enterprises to suffer. Adjusting the product structure will be the fundamental way for non-ferrous enterprises in China to respond to anti-dumping.
Industrial policy change
On December 2, 2005, the State Council issued the Interim Provisions on Promoting Industrial Structure Adjustment, which mainly stipulated the encouraged and restricted projects of the non-ferrous metals industry.
In 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission and other nine ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Accelerating the Guidance for Structural Adjustment of the Aluminum Industry", clearly supporting the joint restructuring of alumina, electrolytic aluminum and aluminum processing enterprises; strict industry access; strict control of electrolysis Aluminum exports.
On July 5, 2006, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Notice on Preventing the Re-blind Expansion of High-energy-consuming Industries", requiring correct guidance of investment directions, eliminating backward production capacity according to law, and eliminating the preferential price of electricity for high-energy-consuming enterprises. Policies to curb blind expansion and tendencies in high-energy industries. The notice sets the tone for the “Entry Requirements for Copper Smelting Industry†that has been implemented before and the subsequent entry conditions for aluminum, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten and antimony.
In 2007, in order to guide the healthy development of high-energy-consuming industries and promote energy conservation and consumption reduction, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Electricity Regulatory Commission issued a notice on the issue of eliminating electricity price concessions in high-energy-consuming industries such as electrolytic aluminum.
In 2010, in response to the impact of the international financial crisis, ensuring the smooth operation of the non-ferrous metals industry, accelerating industrial restructuring, and promoting industrial upgrading, the State Council announced the “Non-ferrous Metals Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Planâ€.
From the policy of China's non-ferrous metals industry in recent years, it can be seen that the government attaches great importance to and supports the integration and restructuring of the non-ferrous metals industry. It encourages existing non-ferrous metal enterprises to optimize resource allocation and integrate them through mergers and acquisitions and other asset restructuring methods. A reasonable industrial chain will be developed into a large-scale industrial group with core competitiveness to improve industrial concentration.
Development opportunities and challenges
China's non-ferrous metal resources due to less pillar-type mineral reserves, low per capita mineral resources occupation rate, resource consumption growth rate is greater than the rate of economic growth, in the next few years, the shortage of mineral resources, low grades will not be improved, and will even further intensify.
By the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's consumption of four basic metals such as copper, aluminum, lead and zinc will reach 43.8 million tons, an annual growth rate of 7.33%. The recycling rate of non-ferrous metals in developed countries accounts for more than 50% of consumption, while the recycling rate of non-ferrous metals in China accounts for only 20% to 25% of consumption. "Developing the recycling of non-ferrous metals industry is an important solution to alleviate resource shortages and ensure resource security."
In addition, energy conservation and consumption reduction, as one of the goals of economic transformation, has become an important focus of government work in the past two years, and its significance will be more reflected in the field of energy conservation. In fact, if we do not curb the expansionary impulse of large-scale enterprises, simply eliminating the backward production capacity of small enterprises may not change the reality of overcapacity in the current non-ferrous industry. Capacity optimization still has a long way to go.
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