The working-age population has decreased by 4.87 million
According to the latest data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, as of the end of 2015, the working-age population of 16 years old to 60 years old (excluding 60 years old) was 91.96 million, a decrease of 4.87 million from the end of the previous year, accounting for 66.3% of the total population. Compared with the previous year, the proportion has dropped by 0.7 percentage points.
This is the fourth consecutive year of decline in the Chinese labor force. In 2012, China's 15-59 years old decreased by 3.45 million compared with the previous year, accounting for 69.2% of the total population, down 0.6% from the end of the previous year. This is the first time that the number of working-age people in China has declined.
In 2013, the National Bureau of Statistics adjusted the statistical range of the working-age population to 16 to 60 years old. The statistical results show that the working-age population aged 16 to 60 is 919.54 million, a decrease of 2.44 million from the end of the previous year, accounting for 67.6% of the total population.
In 2014, the number of working-age population decreased by 3.71 million compared with the end of the previous year, with a total of 91.583 million, accounting for 67.0% of the total population. If the difference in statistical caliber is not calculated, the reduction in the total number of working people in the same age group in 2015 is also the largest in recent years. The continuous shrinkage of the labor force has become the "new normal" that China has faced for a long time.
Wang Pei'an, deputy director of the National Health and Planning Commission, recently responded to the shortage of labor. He said that the current labor problem is overcapacity and structural shortage. The first contradiction we face is not the problem of the quantity of labor, but mainly the quality of the overall labor force.
25 years later, 1/4 Chinese are over 65 years old
The other side of the decline in the absolute volume of labor is the grim situation of China's aging. According to the 2015 data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the population of 60 years old and above is 222 million, accounting for 16.1% of the total population; the population aged 65 and over is nearly 144 million, accounting for 10.5%.
Internationally, the age of a population aged 65 and over is usually used to measure the ageing of a society. In 1990, China’s share was only 5.6%, which was lower than the world level of 6.2%. In 2010, China’s share was 8.87%, which exceeded the world average.
According to the relevant population projections of the United Nations Population Outlook (2012), the rate of China's population aging will remain significantly faster than the world average in the future. The proportion of the world's 65-year-old and above population will rise from 14% to 21%. It takes 50 years, and China only needs 11 About a year.
The research team led by Zhang Chewei, director of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, predicts that between 25 and 2040, the proportion of China's population aged 65 and over will reach 25.62%. This means that a quarter of Chinese people will be over 65 years old. By 2050, the number of elderly people aged 65 and over in China will reach 375 million. This figure exceeds the total population of the United States now. China is already the country with the largest number of elderly people in the world.
At the same time, experts predict that China's population of 0-14 years will continue to rise by 2020, and begin to decline after reaching 235 million in 2020, and to 200 million in 2030. The proportion of the total population will also drop to 12.07% in 2050.
The liquid level transmitter can convert the changes of various level parameters into analog signals, and transmit them to the control room remotely for centralized display, alarm or automatic control of secondary instruments or computers. Its good structure and installation method can be applied to the continuous detection of liquid level, material level or material level under special conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosion, easy crystallization, anti-clogging, anti-cold junction, and solid powdery and granular materials. , can be widely used in detection and control in various industrial processes.
Liquid level transmitters can be applied to liquid Level Measurement and control in industrial sites, rural water supply and sewage treatment, petroleum, chemical industry, power plants, hydrological monitoring, reservoirs, dams, hydropower construction and other fields of liquid level measurement and control. Liquid level transmitters have input type, straight rod type, flange type, threaded type, inductive type, screw-in type, floating ball structure design, with anti-blocking type design, simple device, convenient use and strong interchangeability , The high-quality sensor has high sensitivity and fast response speed, accurately reflects the slight changes in the flow or static liquid level, and has high measurement accuracy.
Advantages of Level Transmitters
1. The device is simple, easy to use, and has strong interchangeability.
2. It is suitable for measuring the liquid level and interface of the liquid medium in the container. In addition to on-site instructions, it can also be equipped with remote transmitters, alarm switches, and complete detection functions.
3. The reading is intuitive and eye-catching, and the direction of the observation indicator can be changed according to the user's needs.
4. The measurement range is large, not limited by the height of the storage tank.
5. The indicating mechanism is completely isolated from the measured medium, with good sealing performance, high reliability and safe use.
6. Simple structure, convenient installation, convenient maintenance, corrosion resistance, no power supply, explosion-proof.
7. The high-quality sensor has high sensitivity and fast response speed, accurately reflects the slight changes of flowing or static liquid level, and has high measurement accuracy.
8. With intrinsically safe explosion-proof and isolated explosion-proof capabilities, it can be used in various dangerous places.
9. With anti-blocking design, it can realize the measurement of the liquid level of paste medium.
10.100% equal division scale, LED/LCD indicator head, very convenient to read on site.
11.4~20mA two-wire signal transmission, strong anti-interference ability and long transmission distance.
12. Exquisite and unique zero point, full scale, and nonlinear compensation ensure the accuracy and stability of the instrument within the range of operating conditions.
13. The Pressure Sensor directly senses the liquid level pressure and is not affected by the foaming and accumulation of the medium.
14. Wide range of tested media can be used, such as oil, water and paste, with certain anti-corrosion ability.
Classification of liquid level transmitters
1. Single flange liquid level transmitter
Single-flange liquid level transmitters have flat flanges and flange liquid level transmitters with insert barrels, both of which are suitable for single-flange liquid level transmitters that use the gravity of the medium to be measured to measure the height of the liquid level. For medium with high viscosity and easy crystallization, it is generally used in open containers or equipment installations.
2. Double flange liquid level transmitter
The double-flange liquid level transmitter is a Differential Pressure Transmitter, which provides a reliable measurement method to prevent the measured medium from directly contacting the isolation diaphragm of the transmitter. The main features are the need to isolate the high-temperature medium from the transmitter, the measurement medium has a corrosive effect on the sensitive components of the transmitter, the suspension liquid or high-viscosity medium, the measured medium solidifies or crystallizes due to changes in the environment or process temperature, and the measured medium is replaced It needs to be strictly purified to measure the first class. Double flange liquid level transmitter is mainly used in the measurement of liquid level in sealed pressure vessels.
3. Submersible liquid level transmitter
The submersible liquid level transmitter has rod type and arm type. Its principle is based on the principle that the measured liquid static pressure is proportional to the height of the liquid. It uses the piezoresistive effect of diffused silicon or ceramic sensitive elements to convert the static pressure into electricity. Signal. After temperature compensation and linear correction, it is converted into 4~20mA current signal output. Due to the characteristics of this transmitter, such as convenient installation, strong adaptability, etc., it can perform high-precision measurement from water, oil to paste with high viscosity, and is not affected by the foaming and accumulation of the measured medium. It is generally used in open Devices for mouthpieces or equipment.
Level Transmitter,Differential Pressure Level Transmitter,Submersible Level Transmitter,Level Gauge
Wuxi Winsun Automation Instrument Co., Ltd , https://www.winsunwx.com